Near the beginning of Goethe’s career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare w

游客2025-05-07 25

问题 Near the beginning of Goethe’s career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber knight who represented himself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instincts of man, Goethe attempted to imitate Shakespeare’s use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fights against the treachery and meanness of his age.
The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associated with the Sturm und Drang period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants’ side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is an inspiration for all mankind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people. [br] Goethe learned about Gotz von Berlichingen by reading ______.

选项 A、Shakespeare
B、Rousseau
C、an autobiography
D、Weisslingen

答案 C

解析歌德通过阅读一部自传了解葛兹·封·贝利欣根的情况。从第一段第一句我们可以了解到，歌德碰巧发现了葛兹，封·贝利欣根的自传，贝利欣根是十六世纪靠抢劫为生的骑士，自称在奸诈的、马基雅弗利式的王子和贵族中捍卫正义与公平。

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