首页
登录
职称英语
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the
游客
2025-04-27
16
管理
问题
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept "sense of trust" is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child’s satisfying experiences at this early age.
Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.
Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that "Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc." Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.
Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected. It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react do badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered.
In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment’s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.
We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers’ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children’s needs and by their overall attitude. [br] The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs ______.
选项
A、before maternal affection is provided
B、when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environment
C、when a child successfully controls his or her muscular coordination
D、as a result of maternal separation
答案
B
解析
本题的依据句是“It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax,for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart.”,从中可知B项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4056518.html
相关试题推荐
Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininflue
Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininflue
Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininflue
Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininflue
Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininflue
Ifacountrywantstodevelopitseconomysuccessfully,therehastobeaclear
Advanceinfoodpreservationgaveconsumersindevelopedcountriesaccessto___
Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstati
Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,w
Malnutritionandtheresultingimpairedgrowthanddevelopmentinchildrenof
随机试题
PlayingamajorroleintheeconomiclifeoftheUnitedStates,______.A、womenc
肥达试验是一种A.试管凝集试验 B.玻片凝集试验 C.正向间接凝集试验 D
用于皮下埋置的避孕剂是A.孕三烯酮 B.雌二醇 C.甲羟孕酮 D.左炔诺酮
以数据库为基础,可以把业务做成应用软件包,包内的不同应用程序之间可以互相调用或共
血清胆红素测定的标本必须避免阳光直接照射,以免结果降低。其原因是A.胆红素氧化成
全胃肠外营养支持患者可能发生的最严重的代谢并发症是A:高钾血症 B:低钾血症
两个偏振片叠在一起,使它们的偏振化方向之间的夹角为60°,设两者对光无吸收,光强
对党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线作出明确概括的是 A.党的十二大B.党
下列有关德国法和法国法的表述哪一项是正确的? A.德国封建时代最著名的习惯法
下列关于沥青混合料压实的有关说法错误的是()。A.压路机采用2~3台双轮双振压路
最新回复
(
0
)