首页
登录
职称英语
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more int
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more int
游客
2025-04-25
19
管理
问题
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentrism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which, since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under may in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.
In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack. They were, after all, the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a ling time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches of the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could be vented. In part, too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battles against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture per se, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentry’s traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry, who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals. And they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.
Although it was the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new treaties were to be strictly adhered to, in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord of provincial authorities. There is abundant evidence that cooperation was dilatory. At the root of this lay the interactive nature of ruler and ruled.
In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much by suasion as by might, the official almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness. [br] In a vague way, anti-Christian feeling stemmed from ______.
选项
A、the mere presence of invaders
B、a generalized unfocused feeling
C、the introduction to the West
D、none of the above
答案
A
解析
反对基督教的情感只是源于入侵者的出现。作者在第一段开头说,反对基督教的情感的根源是多方面的且错综复杂。从一个难以捉摸的侧面来说,人们普遍对西方国家不必要的入侵感到愠怒。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4053308.html
相关试题推荐
______isthequestionofusingexistingresourcestoproduceoriginalandbenef
Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywh
Thisbringsafeelingofemptinessthatcanneverbefilledandleavesuswitha
Hewaseasilyhurtbecausehisfeelingswerevery______.A、sensibleB、sensationa
Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreint
Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreint
Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreint
Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreint
Itisnoteasytotalkaboutyourfeelingswhenyouarefourweeksold.That
Greatemotionalandintellectualresourcesaredemandedinquarrels;stamina
随机试题
Whyitisunrealistictosendastronautsbacktothemoonnow?[br][originalte
为保持文物建筑的历史可读性和历史真实性,修复中的任何增添部分都必须跟原有部分有所
肺部叩诊不会出现实音的是A.肺不张 B.肺空洞 C.胸腔积液 D.胸膜肥厚
关于脾动脉瘤的病因,下列哪项是最不正确的A.妊娠 B.门静脉高压 C.胰腺炎
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
使用强心苷发生心脏毒性,最早症状是A.房性期前收缩B.室性期前收缩C.室上性阵发
评估某加油站的抵押价值,估价对象的财产范围包括()。A.加油站的特色装修 B
2016年8月21日,中国女排以3-1战胜塞尔维亚女排,荣膺里约奥运会女排冠军。
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
中性点经电阻接地系统所具有的特点有()。A、节省电缆投资 B、接地故障
最新回复
(
0
)