首页
登录
职称英语
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world econo
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world econo
游客
2025-04-23
16
管理
问题
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights:the right to private property and the fight to enforceable contracts",says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Some have argued that such fights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow,but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world,in short,because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says.
"Certain simple economic activities,such as food gathering and making handicrafts,rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities,such as the mass production of goods,require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive,but it is really property-intensive",Olson observes.
"No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits,whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions,the way a dog possesses a bone,but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well."
Would-be entrepreneurs,no matter how small,also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact,the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks...,if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us,and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes.
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view,but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather,the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights,there are strong incentives(刺激,动力)to produce,invest,and engage in mutually advantageous trade,and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes. [br] According to Olson,what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?
选项
A、government intervention
B、lack of secure individual rights
C、being short of capital
D、lack of a free market
答案
B
解析
本题的四个选项中,只有B项正确。这可以从文中的最后一段推出,即Otson认为第三世界国家贫困的真正原因在于人们没有个人权利,也就没有动力去创造财富。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4050654.html
相关试题推荐
"Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldecono
"Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldecono
DealingwithDepression(51)Contrarytowhatmanypeoplethi
DealingwithDepression(51)Contrarytowhatmanypeoplethi
DealingwithDepression(51)Contrarytowhatmanypeoplethi
Increasingnumbersofpeoplehavemigratedfromthecountrysideandmovedin
Increasingnumbersofpeoplehavemigratedfromthecountrysideandmovedin
Increasingnumbersofpeoplehavemigratedfromthecountrysideandmovedin
Increasingnumbersofpeoplehavemigratedfromthecountrysideandmovedin
Mostpeopleareright-handedandchildrenusuallyhavethesamehandednessas
随机试题
Doyouknowinsurance(保险)?Buyinginsuranceisameansbywhichpeoplecanp
Thespeechacttheorywasfirstputforwardby______.A、JohnSearleB、JohnAusti
TheCantonTowerisoneofthemost______landmarksinGuangzhou.A、dominantB、p
按股票价格行为所表现出来的行业特征,可以将股票分为()。 Ⅰ.增长类 Ⅱ.
一块屋场,几条板凳,没有主席台,不用音响话筒,无需讲话稿,聊的是田头村事,谈的是
乙市A区居民元某就位于该市B区的一套房屋与该市C区居民明某发生所有权纠纷,多次交
关于佝偻病的药物治疗,下列说法正确的为()A.新生儿提倡母乳喂养 B.尽早开
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
机械设备防护罩应尽量采用封闭结构,当现场需要采用安全防护网时,应满足网眼开口尺寸
女性,20岁。反复发作喘息、呼吸困难、咳嗽2年。体检:双肺散在哮鸣音,心脏无异常
最新回复
(
0
)