首页
登录
职称英语
In Second Nature, Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist Gerald Edelman argues t
In Second Nature, Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist Gerald Edelman argues t
游客
2025-04-17
22
管理
问题
In Second Nature, Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist Gerald Edelman argues that the brain and mind are unified, but he has little patience with the claim that the brain is a computer. Fortunately for the general reader, his explanations of brain function are accessible, reinforced by concrete examples and metaphors.
Edelman suggests that thanks to the recent development of instruments capable of measuring brain structure within millimeters and brain activity within milliseconds, perceptions, thoughts, memories, willed acts, and other mind matters traditionally considered private and impenetrable to scientific scrutiny now can be correlated with brain activity. Our consciousness ( a "first-person affair" displaying intentionality, reflecting beliefs and desires, etc. ), our creativity, even our value systems, have a basis in brain function.
The author describes three unifying insights that correlate mind matters with brain activity. First, even distant neurons will establish meaningful connections (circuits) if their patterns are synchronized. Second, experience can either strengthen or weaken synapses (neuronal connections) . Finally, there is reentry, the continued signaling from one brain region to another and back again along massively parallel nerve fibers.
Edelman concedes that neurological explanations for consciousness and other aspects of mind are not currently available, but he is confident that they will be soon. Meanwhile, he is comfortable hazarding a guess: "All of our mental life...is based on the structure and dynamics of our brain. " Despite this optimism about the explanatory powers of neuro-science, Edelman acknowledges the pitfalls in attempting to explain all aspects of the mind in neurological terms. Indeed, culture—not biology—is the primary determinant of the brain’s evolution, and has been since the emergence of language, he notes.
However, I was surprised to learn that he considers Sigmund Freud as "the key expositor of the effects of unconscious processes on behavior. " Such a comment ignores how slightly Freud’s conception of the unconscious, with its emphasis on sexuality and aggression, resembles the cognitive unconscious studied by neuroscientists.
Still, Second Nature is well worth reading. It serves as a bridge between the traditionally separate camps of "hard" science and the humanities. Readers without at least some familiarity with brain science will likely find the going difficult at certain points. Nonetheless, Edelman has achieved his goal of producing a provocative exploration of "how we come to know the world and ourselves. " [br] It was previously considered that perceptions and other mind matters could hardly be______.
选项
A、treated as a significant issue
B、studied with scientific methods
C、separated from brain activity
D、handled with surgical instruments
答案
B
解析
题目问:人们过去认为知觉和其他各种思维活动不能怎样。根据文中第二段第一句“…thanks to the recent development of…and impenetrable to scientific scrutiny now can be correlated with brain activity.”可知,由于有了这些仪器,传统上被认为互不关联的、无法进行科学研究的知觉、思想、记忆、意志行为和其他各种思维活动如今能与脑部活动联系起来。据此可以推知,人们过去认为知觉和其他各种思维活动不能用科学方法进行研究,因此B项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4041330.html
相关试题推荐
GiventhepersistentandintransigentnatureoftheAmericanracesystem,which
Discussingtheprobabilityofanotherworldwar,Woolfarguesthatwomenwithjo
Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalways______withotherel
Weshallprobablyneverbeableto______theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicpar
Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropic
Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropic
Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropic
Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropic
Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropic
Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropic
随机试题
Readtheextractbelowfromtheannualreportofacompanywithmanufacturin
ShouldCollegesFocusonTalentTrainingorScientificResearch?
America’smostpopularnewspaperwebsitetodayannouncedthattheeraoffre
AsachildIwastaughttowalkwithmyheadup,my【C1】______backandmye
在软件设计阶段进行模块划分时,一个模块的( )。A.控制范围应该在其作用范围之
描记V导联时,探查电极应放置于A.胸骨右缘第四肋间 B.胸骨左缘第四肋间 C
共用题干 StomachUlcerStomachulcersareth
第一个开发的钙通道阻滞药是A.苯妥英钠B.异戊巴比妥C.维拉帕米D.奎尼丁E.依
可以促进钙磷的吸收,临床上用于防治佝偻病和骨质软化病的药物是A.维生素C B.
南京国民政府立法频繁,法律法规数量繁多体系庞杂,对其法律体系描述不正确的是:(
最新回复
(
0
)