首页
登录
职称英语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
游客
2025-04-07
13
管理
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all), were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species)can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always-supplementary factors. [br] Based on the example provided in the passage, we can tell that when a spider is removed to a new position where half of a net has been made, it will probably______.
选项
A、begin a completely new net
B、destroy the half-net
C、spin the rest of the net
D、stay away from the net
答案
D
解析
本题可参照第1段的when removed from a half finished home.will not beginagain。因此D项是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4030159.html
相关试题推荐
Educationaldevelopmentisboundupwitheconomicprogress.A、inaccordancewith
Educationalpoliciesmade____thehoofbysuccessivesecretariesofstatearethe
Thebraindrainofexpertsawayfromdevelopingcountrieswillgreatlyinfluence
Academicfreedomincludesthelibertyofindividualstoexpressfreelyopini
Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentalle
Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentalle
Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistoindividual.Theycontainthehistory
Itis______thattheInternetisexertingagrowingimportantinfluenceonpeople
Whenthereportwaspublished,variousenvironmentalgroupscriticizeditforbe
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
随机试题
(1)SiliconValleyisamagnettowhichnumeroustalentedengineers,scienti
______,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.A、Althoughhei
[originaltext]M:Comeon,Sally.HowarewegoingtoconvinceeverybodythatI’
下列小说家中,外表是浪漫传奇而内里却是写实的作家是()A.许地山 B.郁达夫
资产评估服务费协商时主要考虑的因素包括( )。A.评估业务的难易程度 B.资
阅读教师的教学实录(节选)完成第16题。 师:首先我们把文章朗读一遍,老师先
2016年全国餐饮收入35799亿元,同比增长10.8%,餐饮收入占社会消费品零
(2015年5月)在一些大的公司中,总经理、管理人员或专业人员的绩效考评宜采用(
()的目的在于提供企业真实的资产价值,向境外投资者反映企业的实际资产价值,同时也
建筑产品的生产涉及大量的露天作业,受到气候条件、工程地质等不可控因素的影响较大,
最新回复
(
0
)