首页
登录
职称英语
For much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings
For much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings
游客
2025-03-28
17
管理
问题
For much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings and pathology. The very idea of psychotherapy, first formalized by Freud, rests on a view of human beings as troubled creatures in need of repair. Freud himself was profoundly pessimistic about human nature, which he felt was governed by deep, dark drives that we could hardly control. The scientists who followed developed a model of human life that seemed to many mechanical if not robotic: humans were passive beings harshly shaped by the stimuli and the rewards and punishments that surrounded them.
After World War Ⅱ, psychologists tried to explain how so many ordinary citizens could have agreed with fascism, and did work symbolized in the 1950 classic The Authoritarian Personality by T.W. Adorno, et al. Social psychologists followed on. Some of the most famous experiments proved that normal folk could become coldly insensitive to suffering when obeying "legitimate" orders or cruelly aggressive when playing the role of prison guard.
A watershed moment arrived in 1998, when University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin Seligman, in his presidential address to the American Psychological Association, urged psychology to "turn toward understanding and building the human strengths to complement our emphasis on healing damage." That speech launched today’s positive psychology movement.
Though not denying humanity’s flaws, the new positive psychologists recommend focusing on people’s strengths and virtues as a point of departure. Rather than analyze the psychopathology underlying alcoholism, for example, positive psychologists might study the toughness of those who have managed a successful recovery--for example, through organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous. Instead of viewing religion as a delusion and a support, as did Freud, they might identify the mechanisms through which a spiritual practice like meditation enhances mental and physical health. Their lab experiments might seek to define not the conditions that induce wicked behavior, but those that foster generosity, courage, creativity, and laughter.
Seligman’s idea quickly caught on. The Gallup Organization founded the Gallup Positive Psychology Institute to sponsor scholarly work in the field. In 1999, 60 scholars gathered for the first Gallup Positive Psychology Summit; two years later, the conference went international, and ever since has drawn about 400 attendees annually. [br] What may be an example of "wicked behavior"(Para. 4)?
选项
A、Making a toy.
B、Giving money to the poor.
C、Drinking without control.
D、Believing in a religion.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4015859.html
相关试题推荐
Formuchofitshistory,psychologyhasseemedobsessedwithhumanfailings
Formuchofitshistory,psychologyhasseemedobsessedwithhumanfailings
Formuchofitshistory,psychologyhasseemedobsessedwithhumanfailings
Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryof
HeseemedinsuchaninconsolablestatethatIdidn’tknowwhethertoleaveors
Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryof
Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryof
Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryof
Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryof
Obsessedwiththeirresearchonsuperconductivematerial,theywereobliviousof
随机试题
ThestoryofhowoiltransformedKuwaitislikeamodernversionofAladdinand
[img]2019m5x/ct_eyyjscz2018j_eyyjscreadd_0077_201904[/img]Thegiantpanda,t
照明全负荷试验记录属于()资料。A.质量控制 B.功能抽查 C.观感 D.
大规格风管是指矩形风管边长大于()的。A.2500mm B.2400mm
患儿,1岁。大便溏薄,色淡不臭,面色萎黄,困倦乏力,不思乳食,食则饱胀,舌淡苔白
下列各项,不引起漏出液的疾病是()A.重度营养不良 B.恶性肿瘤
利用已有遥感资料进行工程地质测绘时,下列哪个选项的工作流程是正确的?()
能反映溃疡性结肠炎活动期的指标是( )。A.血红蛋白降低 B.白蛋白降低
操作风险评估的准备阶段不包括()A:确认评估对象B:绘制流程图C:提出优化方
下列交易或事项中,甲公司应按非货币性资产交换会计准则进行会计处理的是()。A.
最新回复
(
0
)