首页
登录
职称英语
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along
游客
2025-02-22
9
管理
问题
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault
reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, modelers assume the sea-surface
displacement is identical to that of the ocean bottom, but direct measurements
Line of seafloor motion have never been available. Researchers presently use an
(5) idealized model of the quake: they assume that the crustal plates slip past one
another along a simple, rectangular plane. As modelers scramble to guide
tsunami survey teams immediately after an earthquake, only the orientation of
the assumed fault plane and the quake’s location, magnitude and depth can be
interpreted from the seismic data alone.
(10) As all other parameters must be estimated, this first simulation frequently
underestimates inundation, which can signify that the initial tsunami height was
also understated when the single-plane fault model distributes seismic energy
over too large an area. Analyses of seismic data cannot resolve energy
distribution patterns any shorter than the seismic waves themselves, which
(15) extend for several hundred kilometers, but long after the tsunami strikes land,
modelers can work backward from records of run-up and additional earthquake
data to refine the tsunami’s initial height. For example, months of aftershocks
eventually reveal patterns of seismic energy that are concentrated in regions
much smaller than the original, single-plane fault model assumed. When seismic
(20) energy is focused in a smaller area, the vertical motion of the seafloor-and
therefore the initial tsunami height-is greater. Satisfactory simulations are
difficult, but improve immeasurably scientists’ ability to make better
predictions.
Propagation of the tsunami transports seismic energy away from the
(25) earthquake site through undulations of the water, just as shaking moves the
energy through the earth. At this point, the wave height is so small compared
with both the wavelength and the water depth that researchers can apply linear
wave theory, which predicts that the velocity of tsunami increases with the
depth of the water and the length of the wave. This dependence of wave speed
(30) on water depth means that refraction by bumps and grooves on the seafloor can
shift the wave’s direction, especially as it travels into shallow water. In
particular, wave fronts tend to align parallel to the shoreline so that they wrap
around a protruding headland before smashing into it with greatly focused
incident energy. At the same time, each individual wave must also slow down
(35) because of the decreasing water depth, so they begin to overtake one another,
decreasing the distance between them in a process called shoaling. Refraction
and shoaling squeeze the same amount of energy into a smaller volume of water,
creating higher waves and faster currents. In the last stage of evolution,
inundation and run-up, in which a tsunami may run ashore as a breaking wave or
(40) a wall of water or a tide-like flood, the wave height is now so large that it is
difficult to assess the complicated interaction between the water and the shoreline. [br] The passage best supports the conclusion that
选项
A、discovery of more precise means of measuring seafloor earthquake magnitude may someday assist researchers in modeling tsunamis.
B、because of the labor-intensive nature of tsunami prediction, scientists are unlikely to be able to provide a reasonably accurate description of tsunami generation in the near future
C、the single-plane fault model may, with certain revisions, become perfectly accurate in describing tsunamis
D、through further study of tsunami models, scientists will be one day be able to predict the generation of tsunamis in advance
E、insufficient run-up and earthquake data exists to fully comprehend the mathematical principles behind tsunamis at present
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3968422.html
相关试题推荐
Indescribingthewayaseafloordisturbancesuchasmovementalong
Indescribingthewayaseafloordisturbancesuchasmovementalong
Indescribingthewayaseafloordisturbancesuchasmovementalong
Indescribingthewayaseafloordisturbancesuchasmovementalong
Thisconfoundingissue______activistsacrosstheboard:evenwhenamovementdoe
CLUMSY:MOVEMENT::A、considerate:gestureB、disingenuous:ruseC、prophetic:m
INADVERTENCE:A、completeloyaltyB、attentivenessC、groupmovementD、disagreeable
Parkinscharacterizationofthemovementasneoscholasticistoo______tobeacce
Theprofessorarguedthateverygrassrootsmovementneeds______:withoutthispu
Muchinterpersonalcommunicationisimplicitin______,expressivemovements.[im
随机试题
[originaltext]M:Aniceday,isn’tit?W:Yes,itis.M:Uuh...youlookfamili
[originaltext](22)Afewdegreescanmakeabigdifferencewhenitcomesto
【B1】[br]【B5】22-seats→22-seat本题考查构词法。这里是将数词和名词结合构成复合形容词,在构词时要将名词后的复数词尾去掉。
下列不属于老年小组工作特点的是()。A.在预估阶段要特别注意老人身体、心理、社
材料: 教师出示《明朝辽阔疆域图》后提问:朱元璋灭掉元朝建立明朝以后,他看到自
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
(2015年真题)社会工作者小王接待了来机构求助的小李夫妇,在他们讲述问题后,小
一个国家或地区在一定时期内的国际收支情况,都被综合记录和反映在该国家或地区的(
某公司是一家发展良好的家族企业。在多年的发展中,公司采取的是粗放的管理方式,没有
应通过试桩或做沉桩试验后会同监理及设计单位研究确定的沉入桩指标是( )。A.贯入
最新回复
(
0
)