首页
登录
职称英语
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along
游客
2025-02-22
17
管理
问题
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault
reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, modelers assume the sea-surface
displacement is identical to that of the ocean bottom, but direct measurements
Line of seafloor motion have never been available. Researchers presently use an
(5) idealized model of the quake: they assume that the crustal plates slip past one
another along a simple, rectangular plane. As modelers scramble to guide
tsunami survey teams immediately after an earthquake, only the orientation of
the assumed fault plane and the quake’s location, magnitude and depth can be
interpreted from the seismic data alone.
(10) As all other parameters must be estimated, this first simulation frequently
underestimates inundation, which can signify that the initial tsunami height was
also understated when the single-plane fault model distributes seismic energy
over too large an area. Analyses of seismic data cannot resolve energy
distribution patterns any shorter than the seismic waves themselves, which
(15) extend for several hundred kilometers, but long after the tsunami strikes land,
modelers can work backward from records of run-up and additional earthquake
data to refine the tsunami’s initial height. For example, months of aftershocks
eventually reveal patterns of seismic energy that are concentrated in regions
much smaller than the original, single-plane fault model assumed. When seismic
(20) energy is focused in a smaller area, the vertical motion of the seafloor-and
therefore the initial tsunami height-is greater. Satisfactory simulations are
difficult, but improve immeasurably scientists’ ability to make better
predictions.
Propagation of the tsunami transports seismic energy away from the
(25) earthquake site through undulations of the water, just as shaking moves the
energy through the earth. At this point, the wave height is so small compared
with both the wavelength and the water depth that researchers can apply linear
wave theory, which predicts that the velocity of tsunami increases with the
depth of the water and the length of the wave. This dependence of wave speed
(30) on water depth means that refraction by bumps and grooves on the seafloor can
shift the wave’s direction, especially as it travels into shallow water. In
particular, wave fronts tend to align parallel to the shoreline so that they wrap
around a protruding headland before smashing into it with greatly focused
incident energy. At the same time, each individual wave must also slow down
(35) because of the decreasing water depth, so they begin to overtake one another,
decreasing the distance between them in a process called shoaling. Refraction
and shoaling squeeze the same amount of energy into a smaller volume of water,
creating higher waves and faster currents. In the last stage of evolution,
inundation and run-up, in which a tsunami may run ashore as a breaking wave or
(40) a wall of water or a tide-like flood, the wave height is now so large that it is
difficult to assess the complicated interaction between the water and the shoreline. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would cause researchers to increase their first estimates of a tsunami’s initial height? Ⅰ. Records of long periods of aftershocks in the area of the tsunami’s origin. Ⅱ. Observations of seismic energy distributed over a broader area than was initially thought. Ⅲ. Observations of the inundation and run-up period, where the tsunami strikes land.
选项
A、Ⅰ only
B、Ⅱ only
C、Ⅰ and Ⅲ only
D、Ⅱ and Ⅲ only
E、Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3968420.html
相关试题推荐
Indescribingthewayaseafloordisturbancesuchasmovementalong
Indescribingthewayaseafloordisturbancesuchasmovementalong
Indescribingthewayaseafloordisturbancesuchasmovementalong
METAMORPHOSIS:A、diverseactivityB、recurringmovementC、pausefrompressureD、pr
INADVERTENCE:A、completeloyaltyB、attentivenessC、groupmovementD、disagreeable
Themedicalstudyshuns______indescribingthedrug’sdangers;theappealisto
IdentifyingLusiaCapetilloonlywiththeearlylaborunionmovementinPuertoR
ThefirstMoonexplorerswererarelyexpansiveindescribingtheirsurroundings:
Muchinterpersonalcommunicationisimplicitin______,expressivemovements.[im
Progressiveandreactionarypopulistmovementsarenotnecessarily______:each
随机试题
Goodmorning,class.Today’stopicis"IdiomsandTheirOrigins".Anidiomi
BeginninginOctober,morethan13000McDonald’srestaurantsinAmericawill
共生是指两种不同生物之间形成的紧密互利关系。在共生关系中,一方为另一方提供有利于
A.颈神经根注射 B.星状交感神经节注射 C.颈椎旁肌内注射 D.肱二头肌
开展带电设备红外诊断,当在室内或晚上检测时,应闭灯检测。
下列关于各类血管功能特点的叙述,哪一项是正确的 A.毛细血管前括约肌属于毛细血
根据以下资料回答56—60题 中国汽车工业协会发布的2009年4月份中国汽车产
基金是一种利益共享、风险共担的金融产品。( )
按起重机分类,桅杆起重机属于()。A.臂架型起重机 B.桥式起重机 C
下列说法不正确的是()。A、“预付账款”借方登记预付的款项和补付得款项 B、“
最新回复
(
0
)