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  3. Jan Hendrik Schon’s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only

Jan Hendrik Schon’s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only

游客2025-01-19  21
问题     Jan Hendrik Schon’s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers—one every 16 days-detailing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers—which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature—the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of due reward.
    In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.
    Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the acclaims from academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.
    Scientists tend to pay more attention to the big two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, they’re more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist’s "Impact Factor", a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the "Impact Factor" as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they’re considering supporting. [br] Scientists know that by reaching the journalists for Science and Nature they would get a better chance to________.
选项 A、have more of their papers published in the journals in the future
B、have their names appear in many other renowned publications
C、have their research results understood by the general public
D、have their superiors give them monetary award for the publication
答案 A
解析 由题干reaching the journalists可定位至第3段第5句，句末复现题目关键词reach journalists，此句后文提到“科学家们开始寻求名声，企图在这场博弈中获得优势”，此处“博弈”即指使得论文见刊而能获取名望以及进一步地获取更多科研经费的竞争，由此可知接触到编辑人员是为了提高论文被选中的几率，因此选A项。B项“使得他们的名字出现在其他著名刊物上”，这是论文发表在《自然》和《科学》两本杂志上才可能获得的福利，并不是科学家们接触到编辑人员的好处，因此排除，此项具有一定干扰性，注意分析题干。C项亦是论文发表后的好处，故排除。D项无提及。
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