2. 职称英语
  3. There are many ways of dealing with offenders that do not involve the payment

There are many ways of dealing with offenders that do not involve the payment

游客2025-01-03  0
问题    There are many ways of dealing with offenders that do not involve the payment of money. One is probation, a system that takes many different forms in different jurisdictions but that essentially involves the suspension of sentence on the offender subject to the condition that he is supervised while living in the community by a probation officer and possibly agrees to comply with such other requirements as the court many think appropriate. Usually, if the offender complies with the probation order and commits no further offense while it is in force, no other penalty is imposed, but if he breaks the requirement of the order or commits another offense, he can be brought back before the court and punished for the original offense as well as the later one. In many U.S. states probation is combined with a suspended sentence, so that the sentence the offender  will have to serve if he breaks the order is fixed in advance; in England the sentence is not fixed in advance, and the court has complete discretion if there is a breach to sentence the offender for the original crime in light of his later behaviour  English law allows suspended sentence of of imprisonment for a specified period (not more than two years), on condition  that the offender commit no further offense during the period of suspension. This is different from a probation order, as no supervision is required and no other conditions may be included in the order.
   Other alternatives to prison are based on the idea of preventing an offender from committing further offenses, without necessarily confining him in a prison. The most familiar power of this kind is that of disqualifying an offender from driving a motor vehicle or from holding a driver’s license. This power is available under the laws of most countries to deal with those offenders who either commit serious driving offenses, such as driving while intoxicated, or who commit repeated but less serious offenses, such as speeding. In many countries there exists a system in which the offender is awarded a number of poims each time he commits a motoring offense; when the number of points accumulated reaches a certain figure, he is automatically disqualified for a specified period. Some countries allow courts to disqualify from driving those offenders who have used motor vehicles in commission of the crime for which they are being sentenced, with the aim of hindering the offender from committing further such offenses. Although attractive in the abstract, this seldom works well in practice, as the absence of a driver’s license may well prevent an offender from finding work after release from prison; as a result he may be likely to commit further crimes. Other forms of disqualification may be imposed on offenders convicted of particular types of crimes: a fraudulent company director may be disqualified from being involved in the direction of a company, a corrupt politician may be disqualified from holding public office, or a parent who sexually abuses his children may be deprived of parental authority over them. [br] The first paragraph is primarily about ______.
选项 A、ways of dealing with offenders
B、the probation system
C、the suspension of sentence on the offender
D、the suspended sentence of imprisonment
答案 B
解析 该题问：第一段主要谈论的是什么?本题要求判断第一段的主旨大意。该段第一句说：“除罚款外，还有多种处罚违法分子的办法”。该段从第二句起，直到最后一句，集中论述probation system(缓刑)这种处置方法。所以，选项B的the probation system应为答案。同时可知，选项A的ways of dealing with offenders(处罚违法分子的不同办法)的范围超过了第一段，不是答案。选项C的the suspension of sentence on the offender(缓期执行判决)和选项D的the suspended sentence of imprisonment(缓期监禁)都是执行probation order(缓刑命令)所涉及的具体做法，不能概括该段的主旨大意，不是答案。
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