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Quake Engineering: Looking at the Turkish Earthquake Damage? Despite the s

游客2024-12-30  11
问题   Quake Engineering:
  Looking at the Turkish Earthquake Damage?
  Despite the size of the devastating quake that ripped through Turkey, American structural engineers say there was something that might have alleviated the damage and saved lives. These images of the devastation in Turkey confirm what seismic engineers already know: that a powerful earthquake has an ally in a weak building. Jim Malley of Degenkolb Engineers, "This is the most common form of multi-story building In Turkey. It’s what we call a concrete frame." Structural engineer Jim Malley studied damaged buildings in Turkey in 1992 after a 6.8 (Richter Scale)quake left more than 600 dead. Jim Malley says, "These are very heavy buildings and it’s not uncommon for them to collapse In earthquakes because of the extra mass. The risk of building collapse increases when the first floor is a shop and glass windows replace brick walls. Undoubtedly, there was a glass store front at this level, and all that came through for the structure, was concrete columns, and that made it much weaker, and as a result we got the collapse of that first story."
  Malley says Turkey’s concrete frame buildings often lack reinforcing steel, use too little or use a smooth steel bar that fails to grip the concrete. "We use what’s called deformed bars where there’s little bumps on the steel, which helps to tie the reinforcing steel into the concrete, and smooth bars. it pulls out much more easily."
  In California, where each big quake teaches engineers another way of coping, steel frames reduce the weight of new buildings, and strong joints keep them agile.
  Janiele Maffei shows a San Francisco skyscraper under construction and says, "The building is designed to move and to sway. and the connections to stay together."
  Structural engineer Jardele Maffei says the 1994 Northridge, California quake, revealed the weakness of rigid joints. Engineers found a simple solution, She demonstrates the point by way of the building under way, "See to the right of the connection. See the beam? See how it looks like it’s been tapered? That’s called a dog bone; you can see how it looks like a dog bone, how it’s tapered. What that will do is it will take the stresses away from the connection, and concentrate them in that smaller section of the beam."
  Cross bracing up the elevator shaft gives a building brute strength.
  Janiele Maffei says, "What steel bracing does, is it connects the various floors, and keeps there from moving relative to each other in an earthquake."
  Maffei says Turkish engineers do know how to build for earthquakes and building codes in Turkey are good, at least on paper. But somehow the system failed to produce earthquake resistant buildings [br] According to structural engineers in California, what is important for an earthquake-resistant building?
选项 A、Rigid frames so that buildings do not move in earthquakes.
B、Concrete frames.
C、Buildings designed to move and sway.
D、One-story buildings.
答案 C
解析 本题为因果推断题。这一题要求考生有一定的联想能力和语篇概念。答案虽然出现在第四段，但需要使用第三段的背景知识，即加州的地震告诉人们钢筋结构能够减轻建筑物的重量，同时强劲的联结部位也有助于使建筑物更加灵活。这样一来，考生就不难理解“The building is designed to move and to sway，and the connections to stay together”的真正目的是为了印证防震建筑物的重要之处在于建筑物的灵活性。故选C。
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