首页
登录
职称英语
Subfields of LinguisticsThe overlapping interests between the field of linguist
Subfields of LinguisticsThe overlapping interests between the field of linguist
游客
2024-12-26
15
管理
问题
Subfields of Linguistics
The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several cross-disciplinary fields of linguistics.
1. Sociolinguistics
Focusing on patterns and (1)______ in language
within a society or community.
Examining the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve (2)______.
2. Psycholinguistics
Studying language processing and its interaction
with (3)______mental processes, for instance, studies
of children’s language acquisition and SLA.
3. Computational Linguistics
Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic
studies, (4)______, bringing forth machine translation
systems and machines that (’ 5) ______ and produce
speech and text, which may help those with perceptual or linguistical impairment.
4. Applied Linguistics
Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve
SLA (6)______, especially focusing on motivation,
(7)______, learning style, and personality.
5. (8)______Linguistics
Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time.
6. Philosophical Linguistics
Examining the philosophy of language, with one
major concern to analyze the (9)______ of possible
word order combinations.
7. Neurolinguistics
Studying how language is (10) ______ and
represented in the brain. [br]
Subfields of Linguistics
Good morning. We’ll continue with our talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches of linguistics; descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, today’s focus is on the subfields of linguistics.
As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. The many subfields of linguistics have expanded our understanding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropological linguistics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics.
Let’s start with sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicity, and it looks at how they make choices about the form of language they use. It also (2) examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an expression such as " fourth floor" can indicate the person’s social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom they wish to copy may not.
Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other sociolinguists focus on what happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way languages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competence—what people need to know to use the appropriate language for a given social setting.
Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and (3) linguistics to study how people process language and how language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of children’s language acquisition and of second-language acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry.
Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to compile linguistic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language processing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities. (4) Computers also aid in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dictionaries and concordances. (5) Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such machines facilitate communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired.
The fourth subfield is called applied linguistics. (6) Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists look at the errors people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence. (7) In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, and personality affect how well a person learns another language.
The fifth is anthropological linguistics. It is also known as linguistic anthropology, which uses linguistic approaches to analyze culture. Anthropological linguists examine the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time, and how different cultures and languages are related to one another. For example, the present English use of family and given names arose in the late 13th and early 14th centuries when the laws concerning registration, tenure, and inheritance of property were changed.
Coming up next is philosophical linguistics. Philosophical linguistics examines the philosophy of language. Philosophers of language search for the grammatical principles and tendencies that all human languages share. (9) Among the concerns of linguistic philosophers is the range of possible word order combinations throughout the world. One finding is that 95 percent of the world’s languages use a subject-verb-object (SVO) order as English does (like"She pushed the table. "). Only 5 percent use a subject-object-verb (SOV) order or the verb-subject-object (VSO) order.
Finally, let’s refer to the neurolinguistics. (10) Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is processed and represented in the brain. Neurolinguists seek to identify the parts of the brain involved with the production and understanding of language and to determine where the components of language (phonemes, morphemes, and structure or syntax) are stored. In doing so, they make use of techniques for analyzing the structure of the brain and the effects of brain damage on language.
With that, we come to the end of today’s lecture. Hopefully you have all got a clear idea of these subfields of linguistics, including their different focuses and functions. Next time we’ll specifically target at applied linguistics and find out how this branch benefits SLA learners. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
processed
解析
演讲者谈论的最后一点是neurolinguistics,即神经语言学,根据句(10)可知,神经语言学研究语言是如何被处理并呈现在大脑中的,故答案为processed。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3885876.html
相关试题推荐
TheCulturalRevivalintheByzantineEmpireBetweentheeighth
TheCulturalRevivalintheByzantineEmpireBetweentheeighth
TheCulturalRevivalintheByzantineEmpireBetweentheeighth
SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationI.
SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationI.
SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationI.
SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationI.
SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationI.
______referstotheextensivesoundchangesaffectingvowelsbetween1400and1
MotivationforWordsMotivationdealswiththeconnectionbetweennameandsense
随机试题
Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselve
ControllingYourConcentrationI.Theconcernedinformation
某商品定价200元,受金融危机影响,连续2次降价20%后的售价为()A.114
请选出下面划线部分读音不同的选项
下列药物中属于H受体拮抗剂的是A.奥美拉唑 B.雷尼替丁 C.潘妥拉唑 D
完成分支机构备案的省级财政部门应当将分支机构备案情况向社会公开,同时告知( )
关于基坑开挖时,对基坑安全有利的措施有()。A、控制临时开挖边坡 B、做好降水
玄参药材横断面特征是A.棕色,粉性B.黄色,角质性C.黑色,粉性D.黑色,微有光
走中国工业化道路,必须采取正确的经济建设方针。在经济建设上,中共八大提出的方针是
航站楼应急广播包括消防紧急广播和()广播,通常消防紧急广播具有最高优先级。A.围
最新回复
(
0
)