我在前项书目表中有好几处写“希望熟读成诵”字样,我想诸君或者以为甚难,也许反对说我顽旧,但我有我的意思。我并不是奖劝人勉强记忆,我所希望熟读成诵的有两种

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问题     我在前项书目表中有好几处写“希望熟读成诵”字样,我想诸君或者以为甚难,也许反对说我顽旧,但我有我的意思。我并不是奖劝人勉强记忆,我所希望熟读成诵的有两种类:一种类是最有价值的文学作品,一种类是有益身心的格言。好文学是涵养情趣的工具,做一个民族的分子,总须对于本民族的好文学十分领略,能熟读成诵,才在我们的“下意识”里头,得着根柢,不知不觉会“发酵”。有益身心的圣哲格言,一部分久已在我们全社会上形成共同意识,我既做这社会的分子,总要彻底了解他,才不至和共同意识生隔阂;一方面我们应事接物时候,常常仗他给我们的光明。要平日摩得熟,临时才得着用。

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答案     It is not that I wish to advise others to learn reluctantly by repetitive memorization: what I consider well worth reading, memorizing and reciting can be categorized into two types of knowledge: the most valuable literary works and wholesome maxims. Great literary works are instruments for cultivating people’s taste and temperament. Only when we, as members of a nation, have learned to fully appreciate the great literary works of our own nation, and have grown able to fluently recite some of them, can these treasures take root in our "sub-consciousness" and imperceptibly "ferment" and exert their influence on us. As to wholesome maxims that carry the wisdom of sages, some of them have long before been integrated into common consciousness throughout our society, and we, as a part of the society, must thoroughly understand them so as not to be alien to the common consciousness. Besides, we would often rely on the enlightenment of these maxims when we deal with various matters and challenges. It is only when the instructions given in the maxims have been familiarized and assimilated that they can be of use at times of need.

解析     此处材料选自梁启超(1873一1929)所著的《读书指南》。作者在文中分享了自己的读书经验,有着重要的启发意义。作者应用了自创的“新文体”,这种文体介于“文言文”和“白话文”之间,比传统的古文语言通俗,条理明晰,又不避俚语俗言,并吸收外国语法,不分骈散与有韵无韵,词汇丰富,句法灵活,善用比喻、对比、对偶、排比等修辞手法。因为本文还保留古文的言简意赅的特点,如若要完整准确地传达作者的意图,翻译时需要增补作者省略或未充分表达出来的意思。译者需要多涉猎类似文体的翻译理论及翻译作品,常训练以提高领悟与阐释能力。
1.画线部分第一句比较长,可以将“我并不是……我所希望……”拆分为两个分句,用分号隔开。“我所希望”译为主语从句。“一种类是……一种类是……”不译为两个简单句,而是译成两个名词结构。
2.画线部分第二句比较长,可将“好文学是涵养情趣的工具”译为一个简单句。然后把“做一个民族的分子,总须……不知不觉会‘发酵’。”译为“Only+时间状语从句”的倒装句式。其中的“涵养情趣”可理解为“培养品味与性情”,故可译为cultivating people’s taste and temperament;“十分领略”可理解为“充分地理解欣赏”,故可译为fully appreciate。
3.画线部分第三句可译为并列句,“有益身心……形成共同意识”译为一个简单句,“我既做这社会的分子,总要……生隔阂”译为一个简单句,两句之间用and连接。分号后面的两个分句应另译为一个独立的句子,其中“光明”不能按字面直译为brightness,而应该理解为“启迪”,可译为enlightenment。
4.画线部分第四句“要平日摩得熟,临时才得着用。”可译为强调句型It is only when…that…。“要平日摩得熟”省略了主语,翻译时需要增译出instructions“教义与指导”。其中“摩得熟”是指“人们要熟悉格言中的教义并将这种教义内化为自己的一部分”,因此可译为familiarized and assimilated。
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