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Whether it is called animal testing, animal experimentation or animal resear

游客2024-11-07  0
问题     Whether it is called animal testing, animal experimentation or animal research, it refers to the experimentation carried out on animals. It is used to assess the safety and effectiveness of everything from medication to cosmetics, as well as understanding how the human body works. While supporters believe it is a necessary practice, those opposed to animal testing believe that it involves the torture and suffering of animals. The following are opinions from two sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:
    1. summarize briefly the opinions from two sides;
    2. give your comment.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Doctors
    Ted (the US) : Animal testing has improved our medicines. Animals live in an ecosystem with us. And in an ecosystem, living things interact to survive. Sometimes there are sacrifices made for another species to live. Just like this one. How many of you have ever had medicine before? Everyone, right? Think about before you had that medicine, were you in pain? Had a fever? Sneezing? Cough or sore throat? Or something even worse? The drugs that you used to cure yourself were tested on animals. Animals will not go extinct because of this. The animals that are used give birth to a big litter of babies and are bred just for this purpose. Everybody says that testing on animals is not accurate, but look at all the medicine that came out of it.
    Sally (the UK) : It should be tested because we need to stay healthy. If we don’t test it on animals we will not be healthy. And it’s an important part of medical research. We need to make sure human patients get a safe dose of medication. Patients feel safe if they know that their medications have been tested on animals beforehand.
    Jessica ( Mongolia) : Suppose there is some virus spreading over a large area, doctors and scientists are trying their best to invent a drug, and they do so, but without animal testing the drug is launched in the market. These drugs may have adverse reactions and about billions of people may die from them. Would this be good? The only answer is no. We can’t sacrifice billions of people for just one animal.
Zoophilists
    Susan Borowski (Spain) : Animals should not be tested on drugs and medication because it can harm them badly and they might die! These animals are harmless and we are damaging them by testing our stupid products on them. What if they die one day? It will be the scientists’ fault! Animals deserve better care.
    Laura (the UK) : Animals have feelings. It is just wrong of a person to do this to animals. They have the right to live! Just like us. Why will we take that right away? We are here in this earth to live and not to harm earth creatures. Millions of animals are dying for the cause that they don’t have a fault for. The animals are suffering burns, cancer, blind, force-fed chemicals, and more.
    Austrorus (India) : If people keep doing this, soon animals are going to be extinct. It could affect the world in many ways. And it’s so hard for animals. And people love having animals as pets. We should not use drugs on them!
    TedM (Russia) : Instead of testing it on animals who also have families like us, we can test it on those people who are sentenced to death because they are undeserving to live and why should they die easily. They have given pain, and they should also get that pain back. So, these prisoners are perfect to be tested drugs on.
    Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
选项
答案             Should Animals Be Used to Test Drugs and Medications?
    Animal testing is a controversial subject. Those against it would reply that animal testing creates pain and suffering. Those who support it may define it as experimentation that uses animals to benefit humans. Different attitudes lead to different definition of the practice.
    The divergence is large between doctors and zoophilists. The doctors think that animal testing helps to improve our medicines. Also, we need to test the drugs first on animals for the safe dose of medication and the adverse reactions before they are used on humans. Besides, all living things interact with each other in an ecosystem, and animals in tests will not go extinct. These claims face fierce oppositions from zoophilists, however. They argue that we are depriving the living rights of animals. And animals are suffering pains and dying just for the selfishness of humans. An eccentric suggestion is to test the drugs on prisoners sentenced to death, instead of animals.
    Weighing the benefits and harms, I have enough reasons to support animal experiment on medical research. First, to abandon animal testing means to expose all human life in risk. Every available medical treatment today has, to some degree, involved animal testing virtually. Everything from toiletries to medications has likely been tested on animals at some point prior to their distribution. It is unrealistic to cut ourselves off from all these daily products. Second, the worry on the extinction of the animals doesn’t exist. Animals used in experiments are mostly bred specifically for testing. There are commercial establishments that sell animals specifically for use in animal testing facilities. Last but not least, some strict requirements for testing on animals have been issued, thanks to the objections of the animal rights activists. These regulations have, to a large extent, ruled certain concerns over the animals and protected the dignity of the animals.
    In a word, it would be irresponsible to ban animal testing before the perfect substitutes for animals are discovered in experimental procedures. For now, I firmly hold the opinion that human lives take the priority.
解析 本题讨论是否应该使用动物进行医药测试的问题，命题是社会各界关注的焦点。本题要求简要概括所给材料中的两种观点，并发表自己的看法。在具体的写作过程中，考生可以开篇点明社会现象，并提出论点：使用动物进行医药测试具有争议；第二段简要阐述来自医生和动物保护者的两种观点；第三段重点阐述自己对这一问题的看法，并说明理由；最后一段总结全文，重申观点。
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