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  3. As China’s economic development and urbanization spur the largest human migr

As China’s economic development and urbanization spur the largest human migr

游客2024-11-06  14
问题     As China’s economic development and urbanization spur the largest human migration on the planet, millions of laborers are leaving rural areas to find jobs in the cities. The children of these migrant workers have fallen into a conspicuous gap in the provision of public education. From the following excerpt, you can find the problem of educating migrant’s children.
    Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should:
    1. summarize the situation of education for migrant children, and then
    2. give your comment.
    Educational Challenges—Education for Migrant Children
    In recent years, the government has gradually begun to pass laws and design policies to protect the rights of migrants. Migrant children are now allegedly entitled to attend urban schools in their local school districts. Schooling in urban areas is supposed to be free. However, despite the change in the official line, migrant children’s access to education is still far from routine, and considerable barriers remain.
    A survey conducted in Beijing recently showed that 25 percent of children whose families have lived in Beijing for at least six years attend public schools, compared to only 5 percent for families who had lived in Beijing for one to three years. Until very recently, public schools charged high fees for migrant students. In addition to financial constraints, migrants also face other barriers to enrolling their children in urban public schools. Since migrants tend to live on the outskirts of the city where rent is cheaper, transportation to public schools located in the urban centers can pose a major problem. High demand for enrollment in good public schools also creates serious capacity constraints. According to interviews, even if migrant children are able to attend public schools, it is clear that they often face discrimination and are very conscious of unfair treatment as "second-class citizens."
    The difficulties migrant children face enrolling in urban public schools have led to the emergence of privately-run migrant schools, which struggle to fill the educational gap. These migrant schools— unlike urban and rural schools (which are relatively high quality or at least improving)—are generally plagued by poor teaching, poor facilities, undeveloped curriculum, and high tuition.
    Migrant schools were first started in the early 1990s by retired teachers and other concerned individuals because of the need for a viable alternative for migrant children. At first, they were quite informal. Migrant schools were all private and funded themselves by collecting tuition. As the number of migrants rose, the potential profitability of meeting the growing demand for migrant schools attracted all kinds of entrepreneurs—including some without any background in teaching. Because migrant schools were privately run and mostly unregulated, there were no standards, and education quality varied tremendously across individual schools.
    Teachers in migrant schools are generally second market, those who did not have adequate credentials or experience to obtain jobs in public schools. Many teachers only accept positions at migrant schools to gain experience and resign as soon as they find better work, causing disruption in their classes when they leave before the end of the school year. Migrant schools desperate for teachers rarely have credential requirements and can only offer very low wages, harsh conditions, very basic food, crude living quarters, and heavy teaching burdens.
    The quality of facilities in migrant schools varies widely, but is mostly poor, especially compared to urban public schools. Migrant schools are often overcrowded and use second-hand desks, chairs, and even buildings bought cheaply from public schools.
选项
答案             Improve the Equity of Education for Migrant Children
    Under the tendency of increasing migrant workers, the population of migrant children has shown a dramatic increase, and thus the education of migrant children has become a serious social problem. As is presented in the above article, migrant children are charged extra-paid fee to attend public schools in urban areas while still facing the problems of transportation and discrimination in schools. Moreover, because of the limited quota in public schools, many children turn to private schools for help. However, these private migrant schools cannot offer quality teachers and facilities for children. In my opinion, it’s urgent for the government to improve the equity of education for migrant children from the perspective of social and economic development.
    Firstly, Chinese government should put more efforts and implement policies to improve the equity of education. From the news coverage, despite government efforts, education between migrant and urban students is still far from equal. Therefore, more proactive approaches in implementing the compulsory education policy are necessary. For instance, more quotas for migrant children should be available to meet their needs. Furthermore, government should invest to build more public schools on the outskirt of the city where many migrants live.
    Secondly, the educational problems of migrants children are caused by unequal economic development between urban and rural areas, and therefore equal practice should be upheld through the government decentralization of education practice, putting decision-making power in the hands of the local municipalities and reforming the institutional hukou system that perpetuates a system of a dual division of urban and rural residency, which forms a structural basis for the social welfare system in China. Only in this way can migrant children enjoy equal educational opportunities both in rural and urban areas.
    Although there is a long way to achieve equity of education, we should bear in mind that migrant children are also hosts of the city in the future. We have no reason to deny their access to high-quality education.
解析     材料对城市农民工子女人学难、受教育条件差的教育问题作了分析报道，大体有关三方面内容。
    材料首段概括了农民工子女的教育现状。尽管政府近年来出台了一些法律和政策保障农民工权益，但是农民工子女入学仍未走上常规道路(far from routine)，仍面临着相当多的限制(considerable barriers remain)。
    第二段分析了农民工子女人读公立学校的障碍。一是学费高昂(high fees)；二是从郊区到市区的上下学交通(transportation)不便；三是大量的入学需求造成了严格的入学数量限制(serious capacity constraints)；此外，作为“二等公民”(“second-class citizens’”)，他们还可能遭受歧视(discrimination)和不公对待(unfair-treatment)。
    第三至最后一段则介绍了私立农民工子弟学校的不足之处。由于缺乏标准和规范，各种私人学校的教育质量参差不齐(quality varied tremendously)；师资水平低下，大都是无证或无经验的老师，他们来这里教书只是为了积累经验以便跳槽(gain experience and resign)；教学设备老旧(mostly poor)，远不及城里的公立学校。
    开篇：总结材料，从公立学校和私立学校两方面概括农民工子女所遭遇的教育问题；提出个人见解——政府应当从社会和经济发展角度，推进教育公平。
    主体：分两方面进行阐述政府如何推进教育公平。
    1．从社会发展角度来看，政府应给予农民工子女政策倾斜或兴建公立学校，积极推行义务教育。
    2．由于城乡经济发展不平衡导致城乡二元对立，只能通过打破固有的户籍制度，才能实现真正的教育公平。
    结尾：总结全文，重申农民工子女也是城市未来的主人，也应当享受高质量的教育。
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