朋友居五伦之末,其实朋友是极重要的一伦。所谓友谊实即人与人之间的一种良好的关系,其中包括了解、欣赏、信任、容忍、牺牲……诸多美德。如果以友谊作基础,则其他的各种

游客2024-11-05  11

问题 朋友居五伦之末,其实朋友是极重要的一伦。所谓友谊实即人与人之间的一种良好的关系,其中包括了解、欣赏、信任、容忍、牺牲……诸多美德。如果以友谊作基础,则其他的各种关系如父子夫妇兄弟之类均可圆满地建立起来。当然父子兄弟是无可选择的永久关系,夫妇虽有选择余地,但一经结合便以不再仳离为原则,而朋友则是有聚有散可合可分的。不过,说穿了,父子夫妇兄弟都是朋友关系,不过形式性质稍有不同罢了。严格地讲,凡是充分具备一个好朋友的人,他一定也是一个好父亲、好儿子、好丈夫、好妻子、好哥哥、好弟弟。反过来亦然。

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答案 While the relationship between friends was listed on the bottom of Five Human Relationships (five cardinal relationships in feudal China, i.e. ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, brothers and friends). Friendship, actually, is a kind of benign interpersonal relationship which includes many virtues, such as understanding, appreciation, trust, tolerance and sacrifice. Based on friendship, the other kinds of relationship will be perfectly built, including the relationship between father and son, husband and wife, and among brothers. The relationship between father and son or among brothers is eternal without any choices, and although we can choose our spouse, divorce is the last choice once getting married. On contrary, friends can decide when and where to gather together or depart, to unite or separate. Yet, after all, all the former three kinds of relationship belong to friendship, and they just differ a little in formality and nature.

解析 1.本文选自梁实秋的散文《谈友谊》,作者将自己对友谊的理解,对交友的标准娓娓道来,属于一般文学作品。画线部分共有五句话,句子结构清晰简明,语言表达生动流畅,翻译时要对原文作认真分析,尤其是要着重理解传统文化知识点,以免出现不必要的错误。
2.第一句难度较大,“五伦”是翻译重点所在,首先要正确理解“五伦”是什么?这是指古代汉族的五种伦理关系。即古人所谓君臣、父子、兄弟、夫妇、朋友。可译成英语Five Human Relationships (five cardinalrelationships in feudal China,i.e.ruler and subject,father and son,husband and wife,brothersand friends),括号中的增译部分很有必要,有助于目标读者更明确了解“五伦”的意思,为读者理解下文奠定基础。
3.第二句难度不大,“良好的关系”中的“良好的”建议译成benign或harmonious。
4.第三句难度亦不大,“如果以友谊作基础”表条件可处理成过去分词短语作条件状语。呼应并强调作者在文章一开始就表达的观点:“其实朋友是极重要的一伦”。
5.第四句比较长,要准确理解原文中作者阐述的父子关系、手足关系、夫妻关系与朋友关系的显著区别,避免因误解造成的误译。实际上作者主要是将父子夫妇兄弟之间相对稳定的关系和自由的朋友关系作对比,故本句分译成两句,用on the contrary连接。
6.第五句在翻译时应注意,以all the former three kinds of relationship指代原文的“父子夫妇兄弟都是朋友关系”,避免译文中的重复。
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