首页
登录
职称英语
It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as "hard" ,
It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as "hard" ,
游客
2024-11-01
32
管理
问题
It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as "hard" , the social sciences as "soft", and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.
In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of even of earth’s geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out. If we define the "security" of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme.
Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly insecure. [br] We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social system because ______.
选项
A、theories of its origin and history are varied
B、our knowledge of it is highly insecure
C、only a very small sample of it has been observed
D、few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy
答案
C
解析
参见第2段最后两句:Our image(概念,知识)of the astronomical universe is the least secure(最不可靠) of all because we observe such a fantastically(不可思议地)small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial(琐碎的)as compared with the rich records of the social system...Records
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3826694.html
相关试题推荐
Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelo
Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelo
Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas"hard",
Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas"hard",
Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysical
Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysical
Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysical
Afterathree-yearsurveyofthesocialandbehavioralsciences,acommitte
Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysical
Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysical
随机试题
Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversityw
Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirs
对主管人员工作成效的衡量,应该做到()。A.对其工作和个人素质同时进行考评
初生婴儿的胎粪特点是()A.卵黄色,稠而不成形 B.大便稀薄,色黄秽臭
聚酰胺的吸附原理是A.相似者易于吸附B.相似者难于吸附C.氢键吸附D.离子交换吸
如图,利用小角法测定观测点P与基准线AB间的水平位移Δ,已知P点距A点的距离S为
下面关于卡马西平的特点,不正确的是A:对失神性发作首选 B:作用机制与抑制Na
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性:
各种运输方式内外部的各个方面的构成和联系,就是( )。 A.运输系统
下列不属于车辆购置税的纳税人是()A.在我国境内购置应税车辆自用的行政事业单位
最新回复
(
0
)