首页
登录
职称英语
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent defini
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent defini
游客
2024-10-31
35
管理
问题
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of !and, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well being. [br] In the Renaissance, it was______ that greatly expand literacy.
选项
A、the religious reforms
B、the translation and popularization of the Bible
C、the availability of printing technology and cheap paper
D、the renovations of the teaching methods
答案
C
解析
意为:“印刷技术和进步和纸张的便宜”。第四段实际上谈的也是文艺复兴时期文化的进步,众所周知,文艺复兴时期欧洲的文化获得空前的普及和提高。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3825231.html
相关试题推荐
Bythe1980s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedlyinconsistentdefini
Bythe1980s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedlyinconsistentdefini
Bythe1980s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedlyinconsistentdefini
Bythe1980s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedlyinconsistentdefini
Accordingtothepassage,whoisababymostlikelytobecomfortablewith?[br
AccordingtoColombianofficials,whowasresponsibleforthemassacre?[origina
Accordingtothispassage,whatisexactlyGDP?[br][originaltext]Governm
WhyisNOTthepossiblefactorofsuccessaccordingtothemanintheconversati
WhyisNOTthepossiblefactorofsuccessaccordingtothemanintheconversati
Irishdance:TheIrishInternationalDanceCompany,oneofthemostdynamicd
随机试题
Herecomesthee-bookrevolutionA)Atwhattemperaturedoelectronicboo
下列账户中,月末应该没有余额的有()。A.“生产成本”账户 B.“制造费用”
以下哪项描述与强度差异有关A.N2O的MAC最大,甲氧氟烷的MAC最小 B.舒
如图所示,高尔夫球在力的作用下从水平地面的M点飞到N点。忽略高尔夫球在飞行过程中
美育之“超美育”功能,即指( )。A.直接美育功能 B.间接育德、促智、健体
社会工作专业伦理守则的国际惯例,社会工作者对服务对象的伦理责任包括()。A.咨
下列各项中,属于土地增值税免税范围的有()。A.房产所有人将房产赠与直系亲属
现有容量为256BX4的RAM,回答以下问题:(1)该RAM有多少个存储单元?(
完整的软件系统南硬件系统和软件系统组成,而硬件系统主要由()组成。A.输
A.2:1等张含钠液 B.4:3:2(2/3张)混合液 C.2:3:1(1/
最新回复
(
0
)