Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a criti

游客2024-10-30 29

问题    Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
   All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
   Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
   Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at  eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
   Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
   But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. [br] Which of tile following is not TRUE according to the passage?

选项 A、The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B、Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
C、The child’s brain is highly selective.
D、Most children learn their language in definite stages.

答案 B

解析事实细节题。原文最后两句指出，母亲的不敏感会让孩子泄气，影响交流和语言能力的发展，对孩子的非语言信号保持敏感对语言发展很重要。这里的敏感和鼓励意义上相近，因此选项B 与原文不符。A项内容在文中第五段第一句陈述过了：近来有证据表明，婴儿一出生就有语言能力。C项内容与文中第五段最后一句内容相符：能把语言顺序从周围混杂的声响中辨识(pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound)；D 项内容与文中第四段第一句话内容相符：专家提出，语言阶段的到来是有

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