首页
登录
职称英语
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awarenes
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awarenes
游客
2024-10-03
13
管理
问题
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder. I know I am conscious. But how do I know that you are?
Through logical analogy—I am a conscious human being, and therefore you as a human being are also likely to be conscious—I conclude I am probably not the only conscious being in a world of biological pup pets. Extend it to other creatures, and uncertainty grows. Is a dog conscious? An elm? A rock?
"We don’t have the mythical consciousness meter," said Dr. Chalmers, a professor of philosophy and director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona. "All we have directly to go on is behavior." So without even an elementary understanding of what consciousness is, the idea of instilling it into a machine—or understanding how a machine might evolve consciousness—becomes almost unfathomable①.
The field of artificial intelligence started out with dreams of making thinking or conscious machines, but to debate, its achievements have been modest. The field has evolved to focus more on solving practical problems like complex scheduling tasks than on imitating human behavior.
But many believe that the original goals of artificial intelligence will be attainable within a few decades.
Some people, like Dr. Hans Moravec, a professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pitts burgh, believe a human being is nothing more than a fancy machine, and that it will be possible to build a machine with the same features, that there is nothing magical about the brain and biological flesh. "I’m confident we can build robot with behavior that is just as rich as human being behavior," he said. "You could quiz it as much as you like about its internal mental life, and it would answer as any human being." To Dr. Moravec, if it acts consciously, it is conscious. To ask more is pointless.
Dr. Chalmers, regards consciousness as an unutterable trait, and it may be useless to try to pin it down. "We’ve got to admit something here is irreducible," he said. "Some primitive precursor conscious ness could go all the way down" to the smallest, most primitive organisms, he said. Dr. Chalmers too sees nothing fundamentally different between a creature of flesh and blood and one of metal, plastics and electronic circuits. "I’m quite open to the idea that machines might eventually become conscious," he said, adding that it would be "equally weird". And if a person gets into involved conversations with a robot about everything from Kant to baseball, "We’ll be as practically certain they are conscious as other people," he said. "Of course, that doesn’t resolve the theoretical question".
But others say machines, regardless of how complex, will never match people.
The arguments can become mysterious. In his book Shadows of the Mind, Dr. Roger Penrose, a mathematician at Oxford University, enlisted the incompleteness theorem in mathematics. He uses the theorem, which states that any system of theorems will invariably include statements that cannot be proven, to argue that any machine that uses computation—and hence all robots—will invariably fall short of the accomplishments of human mathematicians. Instead, he argues that consciousness is an effect of quantum mechanics in tiny structures in the brain that exceeds the abilities of any computer②. [br] What is the author’s attitude toward the statement that robot has consciousness?
选项
A、Objective.
B、Critical.
C、Pessimistic.
D、Sarcastic.
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。作者并没有发表自己的看法,也没有在字里行间给出暗示,只是列举出两派:Dr. Hans Moravec,Dr.Chalmers与Roger Penrose的观点供读者评判和思考,所以正确答案为A 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3785665.html
相关试题推荐
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarenes
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarenes
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarenes
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarenes
TheFieldsMedalisthehighestscientificawardformathematicians.Infact
TheFieldsMedalisthehighestscientificawardformathematicians.Infact
Choosingacarisnotunlikechoosingadress.Youshouldnotonlyreadthepric
Michelleissaid______someprogressinherscientificresearchinthepastyea
He______considerableinfluenceonthethinkingofthescientificcommunityon
Topicsforcompositionshouldbe______totheexperiencesandinterestsofthe
随机试题
Doyouseetheglassashalf-fullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoure
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_025(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Shealsowouldliketoworkf
[originaltext]M:Excuseme,Prof.Thomson.Iknowyourofficehoursaretomorro
当发动机热状态正常时,蒸气阀和空气阀各自在弹簧压力作用下,处于()状态。A.关
“早期芭蕾”的三大改革家是玛丽卡玛戈、玛丽萨莱、让乔治诺维尔。()
Rothera法检测尿酮体时,加入浓氨水后两液交界面立即呈淡紫红色,而后转为深紫
(2018年11月)负责考评的人员到实际工作地点调查工作完成的情况,对工作地点有
(2021年真题)根据资源税法律制度的规定,下列情形中,应缴纳资源税的是(
投资项目决策分析与评价的基本要求包括贯彻落实科学发展观、资料数据准确可靠和()
关于导线连接的说法正确的是()。A.其接触电阻不应超过同长度导线电阻的1.3倍
最新回复
(
0
)