首页
登录
职称英语
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awarenes
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awarenes
游客
2024-10-03
7
管理
问题
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder. I know I am conscious. But how do I know that you are?
Through logical analogy—I am a conscious human being, and therefore you as a human being are also likely to be conscious—I conclude I am probably not the only conscious being in a world of biological pup pets. Extend it to other creatures, and uncertainty grows. Is a dog conscious? An elm? A rock?
"We don’t have the mythical consciousness meter," said Dr. Chalmers, a professor of philosophy and director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona. "All we have directly to go on is behavior." So without even an elementary understanding of what consciousness is, the idea of instilling it into a machine—or understanding how a machine might evolve consciousness—becomes almost unfathomable①.
The field of artificial intelligence started out with dreams of making thinking or conscious machines, but to debate, its achievements have been modest. The field has evolved to focus more on solving practical problems like complex scheduling tasks than on imitating human behavior.
But many believe that the original goals of artificial intelligence will be attainable within a few decades.
Some people, like Dr. Hans Moravec, a professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pitts burgh, believe a human being is nothing more than a fancy machine, and that it will be possible to build a machine with the same features, that there is nothing magical about the brain and biological flesh. "I’m confident we can build robot with behavior that is just as rich as human being behavior," he said. "You could quiz it as much as you like about its internal mental life, and it would answer as any human being." To Dr. Moravec, if it acts consciously, it is conscious. To ask more is pointless.
Dr. Chalmers, regards consciousness as an unutterable trait, and it may be useless to try to pin it down. "We’ve got to admit something here is irreducible," he said. "Some primitive precursor conscious ness could go all the way down" to the smallest, most primitive organisms, he said. Dr. Chalmers too sees nothing fundamentally different between a creature of flesh and blood and one of metal, plastics and electronic circuits. "I’m quite open to the idea that machines might eventually become conscious," he said, adding that it would be "equally weird". And if a person gets into involved conversations with a robot about everything from Kant to baseball, "We’ll be as practically certain they are conscious as other people," he said. "Of course, that doesn’t resolve the theoretical question".
But others say machines, regardless of how complex, will never match people.
The arguments can become mysterious. In his book Shadows of the Mind, Dr. Roger Penrose, a mathematician at Oxford University, enlisted the incompleteness theorem in mathematics. He uses the theorem, which states that any system of theorems will invariably include statements that cannot be proven, to argue that any machine that uses computation—and hence all robots—will invariably fall short of the accomplishments of human mathematicians. Instead, he argues that consciousness is an effect of quantum mechanics in tiny structures in the brain that exceeds the abilities of any computer②. [br] The basic notion that underlies the statement of Dr. Hans Moravec is most possibly that ______.
选项
A、action speaks louder than words
B、no essential difference exists between human beings and artificial machines
C、human beings in a sense are even inferior to the conscious machines
D、robot is conscious as long as he can have conversation freely with human beings
答案
B
解析
综合推断题。从文章第六段前两句话可以看出Dr.Hans Moravec认为人和机器人没什么两样,人不过是奇妙的机器人而已,二者有共同的特征。选项C 与题意相违背,D 与Dr.Hans Moravec的看法不相关,故排除。选项A 是强干扰项,是根据第六段后两句话来的,这两句意思是:只要机器人可以拥有和人一样的行为,就是有意识的,没必要问意识是什么,A 引申过度。这些看法都是建立在他认为人和机器人没有本质区别的基础上。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3785663.html
相关试题推荐
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarenes
Topicsforcompositionshouldbe________totheexperiencesandinterestsofthe
TheFieldsMedalisthehighestscientificawardformathematicians.Infact
TheFieldsMedalisthehighestscientificawardformathematicians.Infact
TheFieldsMedalisthehighestscientificawardformathematicians.Infact
Choosingacarisnotunlikechoosingadress.Youshouldnotonlyreadthepric
Topicsforcompositionshouldbe______totheexperiencesandinterestsofstud
Topicsforcompositionshouldbe______totheexperiencesandinterestsofthe
______theadvancesofscientificforecasting,inspiteofthethousandsofdail
Whydoadultsbelievethatalcoholicawarenessprogramsteachyoungpeople
随机试题
Ireallydon’tknowhowyou______theirconstantquarreling.A、patupB、putaway
Thefactthatsuperiorservicecangenerateacompetitiveadvantageforacompan
[audioFiles]2015m7s/audio_ezfj_003_20153[/audioFiles]
加强金融消费者权益保护工作说法正确的是()。A.坚持市场化和法治化原则
在△ABC中,三个内角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,已知(1/2)sin2
证券公司及其人员应当遵循()的原则,为客户提供证券投资顾问服务。 Ⅰ.公平
对电流致热型设备,发热点温升值小于()时,不宜采用相对温差判断法。15K$
有人建议对违反学校纪律的学生罚款,朱老师拒绝了。这体现了朱老师( )。A.乐于
王某以借款纠纷为由起诉吴某。经审理,法院认为该借款关系不存在,遂向王某作出说明:
在工程设计过程中最有可能对项目的“可施工性”考虑不够,不利于总投资控制的项目管理
最新回复
(
0
)