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  3. (1) One of the fiercest debates in the nation these days centers on immigrat

(1) One of the fiercest debates in the nation these days centers on immigrat

游客2024-08-23  8
问题     (1) One of the fiercest debates in the nation these days centers on immigration to America, and whether it takes jobs away from people already here. But maybe the solution is emigration from America. Today, there are nine million American civilians living abroad—up from four million in 1999. In the 21st century, America’s greatest export could just be…Americans.
    (2) Just as India’s greatest export has long been Indians. In 1936, when my grandfather was 16, he had to help support his five younger siblings in a village in Gujarat. His father sent him to Nairobi, Kenya, where he began his career sweeping floors in his uncle’s accounting office. In turn, his children moved, to America, to England, to Australia. In the 1970s my father stood for nine hours a day at the Diamond Dealers Club on West 47th Street in Manhattan because he couldn’t afford an office. My grandfather’s descendants are doctors, lawyers, public servants, corporate executives all over the world. Mobility is survival.
    (3) Many Americans recoil at the idea that they should have to go abroad for anything more taxing than sightseeing. The number of Americans working abroad is very low compared with other developed countries. Only a third of Americans have a working passport; three-quarters of Britons do, and 60 percent of Canadians.
    (4) If you were to believe President Trump, and even some supporters of Senator Bernie Sanders, you would think that this is because every American has a divine right to a well-paid job in his own country.
    (5) The 20th century was the American century; the 21st, not so much. A young person in Denmark or New Zealand has a better quality of life than a young person in the United States. There you can go to college free, not have to worry about money when you’re sick, and enjoy two months’ vacation even if you’re only an intern (实习生). Partly this is due to the significant underinvestment by the government in education, health care and the arts, which has left sections of the United States looking like postwar Europe.
    (6) All around the world, there are legions of Americans making a good living as engineers, corporate executives, English teachers.
    (7) Critics say this kind of globalization is only for the elite, those lucky and wealthy enough to have been educated at the best schools. But it’s not just jobs requiring a college degree that Americans should consider doing overseas. A 150-peso-an-hour job in an automobile plant in Aguascalientes, Mexico, isn’t the same as a $40-an-hour union job in Detroit; but you will live much better than if you made $8 an hour slinging burgers in Scranton, Pa. Maybe, instead of building a wall, President Trump should be demanding that Mexico open up its labor market to Americans.
    (8) I certainly understand why Americans might be attached to their house, their friends and family, their home country. I’ve made New York my home, the last home for those who have no other. The United States is a beautiful country, a safe country and, for most people, a comfortable country. It’s true that we should fight for better-paying jobs at home; companies move jobs abroad so they can pay workers less, in countries with looser environmental and labor laws.
    (9) But American jobs are disappearing not because they’re moving to Mexico; it’s because they are increasingly being done by robots. What we need is not tariffs, but training. We also need to gently teach our children: You might prefer to stay in the house you were born in all your life, but it’s not a constitutional right.
    (10) My family had to move because there was no future in rural Gujarat; 200 years of British colonialism had left the Indian economy in ruins.
    (11) Americans are more fortunate; the whole world looks like America now. Americans who emigrate don’t have to go without cheeseburgers, "Seinfeld" or the English language.
    (12) Some of my former New York University students were able to land lucrative jobs in the booming Indian news industry because they have writing and editing skills honed (磨炼) at a top American university. In India, their salaries can buy them an apartment, nice dinners, domestic help. Most of their peers in New York are still struggling in unpaid internships and have to be supported by loans or parents.
    (13) For my college-going sons, there is no guarantee that there will be a job waiting after graduation in America. But they have already worked, with confidence, in Brazil and Indonesia. Growing up in New York has made them comfortable with the idea of living anywhere in the world. The other day, my older son, who wants to be a journalist, told me he was thinking about looking for a job in… India. (本文选自 The New York Times) [br] Many young Americans can’t get free college education as their peers in Denmark partly because________.
选项 A、college costs in America are higher than those in Denmark
B、there are more private colleges in America than in Denmark
C、many American colleges cut their financial aid to students
D、the American government fails to invest adequately in education
答案 D
解析 细节题。原文第五段第二句提到，与美国的年轻人相比，丹麦或新西兰的年轻人拥有更高的生活质量。紧接着第三句从三个方面具体说明丹麦或新西兰年轻人拥有较高的生活质量：免费上大学、生病时不必为金钱担心、实习生也能享受两个月的假期。该段最后一句直接指出，部分原因是政府对教育、医疗保健和艺术的投资严重不足，这使得美国的部分地区看起来像战后的欧洲，故D为正确答案。原文未提及A“美国大学的成本高于丹麦大学的成本”、B“美国的私立大学比丹麦多”和C“许多美国大学减少对学生的经济援助”，故排除。
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