Hyperinflation (极度通货膨胀) is defined as an economic condition during which the

游客2024-07-02 13

问题 Hyperinflation (极度通货膨胀) is defined as an economic condition during which there is steep increase in price.
In accordance with the laws of economics, three factors combine to create this condition. Firstly, demand must be much greater than the supply of available goods. Secondary, the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money. Thirdly, the governmental processes that are used to collect taxes must be destroyed.
Let’s imagine a country where production is barely accomplishing its goal: to keep up with demand. When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes. But the government is powerless to collect the taxes, so it prints more money to make up for the goods it must purchase. This new money goes to the workers who produced the goods; as a result, the people are not forced to give up certain things for a while. They actually become richer. While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually worse off. Every month the government is forced to print more and more money so as to increase the amount of goods it can purchase until it is destroyed. The only way to prevent total economic breakup in such a situation is for the government to increase taxes in a manner that is characterized by equality to every one involved. [br] According to the passage, the way to prevent economic breakup in the time of hyperinflation is to

选项 A、increase the amount of money
B、establish new taxing procedures
C、learn experience from foreign counties
D、tax every citizen of the country

答案 B

解析推理判断题。本题询问根据这篇文章，发生极度通货膨胀时，防止经济崩溃的办法是什么。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话可知，防止经济崩溃的唯一办法就是以公平的方式对每一位纳税公民提高税收。根据文章第二段最后一句话可知发生极度通货膨胀时原有的征税程序已经遭到破坏。这就意味着文章最后一段最后一句提到的解决办法是建立新的征税程序。故此题正确答案为B。根据文章内容，选项A(增加货币量)最终会导致极度通货膨胀，不符合本题的要求。选项C(学习外国经验)在文章当中根本没有提到，故不选。根据文帝最后一段最后一句可知新的征税程序只是涉及到那些有义务纳税的公民，并不是要对每一位公民纳税，选项D夸大了事文，故此说法不正确。选项D的不足之处在于将介词短语“in two ways”译为“通过两种方式”，并且把which引导的从句的先行词错误地理解为the world population。选项B重复了选项D的错误，同时该选项也未能正确理解“with”引导的伴随状语的功能，将“with”理解为“和……一起，与……同时”，这是不妥当的。选项C颠倒了环境恶化与人口增长的因果关系，增译了“不断”之意，同时还重复了D项的词汇错误，因而问题最多。

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