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  3. The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic rela

The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic rela

游客2024-06-02  30
问题     The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or "provider" and purchaser or "consumer" in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however, does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.
    In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician -- and even then there may be no real choice -- it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should "return next Wednesday", whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc... It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.
    This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer". As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power center" in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.
    Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants -- the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carder or government ) -- the physician makes the essential decision for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75 to 80 percent of healthcare expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, economy directed at patients or the general are relatively ineffective.  [br] The author is most probably leading up to ______.
选项 A、a proposal to control medical costs
B、a discussion of a new medical treatment
C、a study of lawsuits against doctors for malpractice
D、an analysis of the cause of inflation in the United States
答案 A
解析 根据末段末尾两句提到的“大多数病人的医疗消费都是由医生决定的，而不是病人自己…”可知，这很可能引入关于控制医疗费用的提议，A项与此句表述的意思一致，故为答案。文中并没有提及新的疗法、针对医生的诉讼以及通货膨胀，故排除其他三项。
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