2. 职称英语
  3. It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in

游客2024-05-21  13
问题     It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet — and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it — is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids (混合物) of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. [br] Online publication is significant in that______.
选项 A、it provides an easier access to scientific results
B、it brings huge profits to scientific researchers
C、it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge
D、it facilitates public investment in scientific research
答案 A
解析 根据第二段第二句两个破折号前后的内容“互联网使得科学成果的获取变为现实”以及第三段首句提到的“知识价值和政府在研究上投资所获得的回报部分取决于广泛的传播和及时获取”可知，网络出版的重要性在于它让人们更容易获得研究结果，故答案为A)。文中提到商业出版社获利，并未提到研究者获利，而且末段第五句还提到，在线学术刊物的第二种业务模式还得研究者自己掏腰包，故排除B)。本文并未提到网络出版强调科学知识无比重要，也并未提及互联网促进对科学研究的公共投资，故排除C)和D)。
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