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  3. One of the most contentious issues about alcohol consumption has been the co

One of the most contentious issues about alcohol consumption has been the co

游客2024-05-20  50
问题     One of the most contentious issues about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who don’t drink tend to die sooner than those who do. A new paper in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research suggests that—for reasons that aren’t entirely clear—abstaining from alcohol does tend to increase one’s risk of dying, even when you exclude former problem drinkers. The most shocking part? Abstainers’ mortality rates are higher than those of heavy drinkers.
    Moderate drinking, which is defined as one to three drinks per day, is associated with the lowest mortality rates in alcohol studies. Moderate alcohol use (especially when the beverage of choice is red wine) is thought to improve heart health, circulation and sociability. But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life? It’s true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes, since drinking can be expensive. And people of lower socioeconomic status have more life stressors—job and child-care worries that might not only keep them from the bottle but also cause stress-related illnesses over long periods.
    But even after controlling for nearly all imaginable variables—socioeconomic status, level of physical activity, number of close friends, quality of social support and so on—the researchers (a six-member team led by psychologist Charles Holahan of the University of Texas at Austin) found that over a 20-year period, mortality rates were highest for those who were not current drinkers, regardless of whether they used to be alcoholics, second highest for heavy drinkers and lowest for moderate drinkers. Even though heavy drinking is associated with higher risk for cirrhosis (肝硬化) and several types of cancer, particularly cancers in the mouth and esophagus (食道), heavy drinkers are less likely to die than those don’t drink, even if they never had a problem with alcohol. One important reason is that alcohol promotes so many social interactions, which are vital for maintaining mental and physical health. Nondrinkers show greater signs of depression than those who allow themselves to join the party.
    The authors of the new paper are careful to note that even if drinking is associated with longer life, it can be dangerous: it can impair your memory severely and it can lead to nonlethal falls and other mishaps that can screw up your life. There’s also the dependency issue: if you become addicted to alcohol, you may spend a long time trying to get off the bottle. That said, the new study provides the strongest evidence yet that moderate drinking is not only fun but good for you. [br] Drinking can not only cause damages like memory impairment, lead to mishaps in life but also result in______.
选项
答案 alcohol dependency／addiction
解析 细节归纳题。本题考查喝酒有何弊端。原文末段指出，尽管适度饮酒会长寿，但是喝酒也有危害，如损害身体、导致记忆退化及酒后行为不端等进而毁掉幸福生活。此外还容易出现酒精上瘾。题干是对上述内容的归纳，故所填内容根据定位句归纳即可。
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