首页
登录
职称英语
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious(爱交际的)of dev
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious(爱交际的)of dev
游客
2024-04-30
6
管理
问题
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious(爱交际的)of developing illnesses associated with chronic inflammation(炎症), such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published last year in the Public Library of Science, Medicine shows the effect on mortality of loneliness is comparable with that of smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies and controlled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS)meeting in Washington, D. C. , about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr. Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregarious people. He then analyzed the activity of their genes, as measured by the production of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cell which proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the same in both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that were less active in the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active. Moreover, both the less active and the more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
Broadly speaking, the genes less active in the lonely were those involved in staving off(避开)viral infections. Those that were more active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspects this could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, in evolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about. For inflammation is an antibacterial response.
The crucial bit of the puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual and they are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk in the environment, and may thrive on many hosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely of catching viruses, and Dr. Cole thus suggests that past evolution has created a mechanism(the details of which remain unclear)which causes white cells to respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping up their protection against bacterial infection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
What Dr. Cole seems to have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which the environment(in this case the social environment)reaches inside a person’s body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately. It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different from each other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to how sociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a wider mechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in. Where it goes wrong is when loneliness becomes chronic, and the inflammatory response becomes chronic at the same time. [br] What can we know about viruses and bacteria from the fourth paragraph?
选项
A、Viruses often remain hidden in the environment.
B、Bacteria are passed to other people by the infected individual.
C、The lonely people can catch viruses more easily.
D、Viruses pose a greater threat to the gregarious than bacteria.
答案
D
解析
事实细节题。根据第四段前三句可知,病毒只有通过另一个已被感染此病毒的人才能传染给某个人,并且病毒通常有其一对一的特殊宿主。相比之下,细菌经常潜伏在周罔环境中,并且宿主众多。所以爱交际的人比孤独的人更易感染病毒。由此可见,病毒较之细菌对爱交际的人的威胁更大。故答案为D)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3577279.html
相关试题推荐
Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhotendstoputonweightaroundyourmiddle,
Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhotendstoputonweightaroundyourmiddle,
Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhotendstoputonweightaroundyourmiddle,
Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhotendstoputonweightaroundyourmiddle,
[originaltext]Stressisaverynormalpartoflife.Mostpeoplefeelstress
[originaltext]Stressisaverynormalpartoflife.Mostpeoplefeelstress
Lonelypeople,itseems,areatgreaterriskthanthegregarious(爱交际的)ofdev
Lonelypeople,itseems,areatgreaterriskthanthegregarious(爱交际的)ofdev
Lonelypeople,itseems,areatgreaterriskthanthegregarious(爱交际的)ofdev
[originaltext]Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavegrowngrapestoproducewine
随机试题
VideodischoldsgreatpromiseofhelpingtomeettheneedsofAmericanschoolchi
关于局部应用干粉灭火系统的说法,下列不正确的是()。A.保护对象周围的空
胃窦小弯侧进展期胃癌患者行D2胃癌根治术,其中属于第二站淋巴结是()。A.胃小
我国现存著名古城中,( )未受中原建城礼制影响,城中道路网不规则,没有森严的城
房地产估价原则包括( )。A.诚信原则 B.替代原则 C.估价时点原则
本外币资金存放同业业务中,()须为可自由兑换货币。A.外币 B.外汇 C
古罗马帝国时期的学校的表述错误的是()A.拉丁语取代了希腊语,成为文法学校的主
下列说法中正确的是( )。 A.从体现国家意志的角度讲,法总是一元的 B.
甲公司(中方)与某国乙公司(外方)拟在深圳共同设立一中外合作经营企业,某律师受聘
建设单位收到工程竣工报告后,应由( )组织监理、施工、设计、勘察等单位项目负责
最新回复
(
0
)