首页
登录
职称英语
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
游客
2024-04-04
5
管理
问题
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavors. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for half a century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. "Our society is caught in a whopping paradox," asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book Punished by Rewards (Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems—dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people—is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns. [br] Behaviorism basically believes in ______.
选项
A、motivation
B、performance
C、rewards
D、human factors
答案
C
解析
第2段大致对行为主义进行相关的描述,最后一句说也许这一理论已失去影响力,但是奖励在美国文化中依然占有重要地位,据此可以推断行为主义相信奖励(rewards),故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3540811.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Todaylet’stalkaboutsocialnetworking.Firstlet’stalkab
[originaltext]Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofa
[originaltext]Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofa
[originaltext]MySpace,thesocialnetworkingwebsite,isdifferentfromoth
[originaltext]MySpace,thesocialnetworkingwebsite,isdifferentfromoth
[originaltext]MySpace,thesocialnetworkingwebsite,isdifferentfromoth
[originaltext]W:(5)Agoodresumepredictshowyoumightperforminthatdesired
[originaltext](13)Scientistswhostudytheearthtellusthatthecontinen
[originaltext](13)Scientistswhostudytheearthtellusthatthecontinen
[originaltext]W:Iheardthatsomepeoplewhowerenotenvironmentalscientists
随机试题
习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想从理论和实践结合上系统回答的重大时代课题是()
直肠息肉有:()A.幼年性息肉 B.化生性息肉 C.Peutz-Jegh
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
企业应当按照《企业会计准则第28号》及其指南的规定,在财务报表附注中应披露()
员工调动()。A:是指在组织中的横向流动 B:是员工主动离开组织的行为
甲公司对乙公司的50万元债权经法院裁判后进入到强制执行程序,被执行人乙公司不能清
患者,女,74岁。自觉着凉后两肩和后背阵阵酸痛,每次20分钟左右,不发热,仍可下
房地产开发企业进行土地增值税清算时,下列各项中,允许在计算增值额时扣除的是( )
悬挑空调板的受力钢筋应布置在板的()。A、上部B、中部C、底部D、端部
技术策划应在下列()的基础上进行。A.充分理解合同文件与设计文件 B.施工调
最新回复
(
0
)