首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2024-04-04
50
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家 ) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals ______.
选项
A、can be weakened by conditioning
B、can be suppressed by drug injections
C、can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
D、can be altered by electric shocks
答案
A
解析
Ader采用一定的方法使老鼠形成条件反射,这种反射削弱了老鼠的免疫功能。根据以上分析,A与文中所表达的意思一致;B与原文意思相悖;服用糖精影响免疫系统,是针对Ader实验中的老鼠而言,并不是针对所有动物,C错;D与文中内容不符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3540399.html
相关试题推荐
Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstresssee
Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstresssee
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
随机试题
HowmanyEnglishwordshasthemanlearned?[br][originaltext]F:HowmanyEngl
It’snevereasyforamightymilitarytotreadlightlyonforeignsoil.Int
[originaltext]Overtheyears,newtechnologieshavechangedfarming.Change
Whileit’seasyenoughtobrushoffafewsleeplessnightswithapotofcof
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsider
某建筑高度为33m的综合楼,层高4m,每层建筑面积为3000㎡,高层主体附设裙房
蜜丸的水分为A.≤9.0% B.≤5.0% C.≤15.0% D.≤12.
简述现代企业人力资源管理各个历史发展阶段的特点。
当今,有许多城市大搞“亮化”工程,据有关部门对城市道路夜间照明情况测试结果显示,
(2015年真题)下列关于仲裁协议效力的表述中,符合仲裁法律制度规定的有()。
最新回复
(
0
)