首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2024-04-04
28
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家 ) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that______.
选项
A、they disliked its taste
B、it affected their immune systems
C、it led to stomach pains
D、they associated it with stomachaches
答案
D
解析
根据文章末段:在实验中,老鼠被喂食了大量糖精,并注射能抑制其免疫系统功能的药物而造成胃疼。因此老鼠将糖精与胃疼联系起来,并迅速学会了不吃糖精,D与文中所表达的意思一致。A、B在文中并没有据及;文中提到是药物导致胃疼,而并非糖精,故C错。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3540397.html
相关试题推荐
Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstresssee
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Throughoutevolution,humanshavebeenactive.Ourancestorschasedpreyas
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
随机试题
一个国家选择什么样的治理体系,是由这个国家的历史传承、文化传统、经济社会发展水平决定的,是由这个国家的人民决定的。我国今天的国家治理体系,是在我国历史传承
Havingmorethan800minternetusersmeansthecountryhasanoverabundanceofd
Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesand
沥青混凝土和沥青碎石的区别在于()不同。A.剩余空隙率 B.矿粉用量
鲎珠溶解物试验可间接证实脑脊液中存在哪种病原菌A.病毒 B.结核菌 C.革兰
A.寒湿凝滞型痛经 B.肝肾虚损型痛经 C.气滞血瘀型痛经 D.湿热下注型
产品侵权责任的特征包括()。A、产品侵权责任以生产者、销售者与受害消费者有直接合
狭义的投资银行业不包括()。A:承销业务 B:风险投资业务 C:并购的财务顾
一般资料:求助者,女性,35岁,博士,医生. 案例介绍:求助者因母亲体弱多病
下列选项中,属于或有隐性债务的有()。A.金融机构不良资产 B.国有企业未弥
最新回复
(
0
)