首页
登录
职称英语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
游客
2024-03-13
13
管理
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behaviour, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were moulded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors. [br] Why does the author cite the example of the ant-lion in the first paragraph?
选项
A、To support the evidence that the way lower animals respond to environment result from instinct.
B、To demonstrate the specialty of the ant-lion.
C、To emphasize the influence of environment.
D、To support the evidence that the way higher animals respond to environment result from instinct.
答案
A
解析
细节题。根据关键词ant-lion可定位至第一段第六句。此例子用“蚁狮”对新环境下险境的反应,说明低等动物靠本能,而不是随着环境的变化而反应,是第四句与第五句的例证。因此,正确答案是A。选项D意思与原文恰好相反,B、C均与原文意思偏离。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3529791.html
相关试题推荐
Oneofourexpectationsabouteducationisthatitwillpayoffintermsof
Oneofourexpectationsabouteducationisthatitwillpayoffintermsof
Oneofourexpectationsabouteducationisthatitwillpayoffintermsof
Oneofourexpectationsabouteducationisthatitwillpayoffintermsof
"Theworld’senvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss."Ifthatwerean
"Theworld’senvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss."Ifthatwerean
"Theworld’senvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss."Ifthatwerean
Individualsandbusinesseshavelegalprotectionforintellectualpropertyt
Individualsandbusinesseshavelegalprotectionforintellectualpropertyt
Individualsandbusinesseshavelegalprotectionforintellectualpropertyt
随机试题
Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themaking
简述生产力对教育发展的制约作用
胃次全切除的病人引起贫血与下列哪些因素有关A.Fe B.维生素B C.维生素
可以使气管偏向患侧的疾病是A.气胸 B.一侧肺不张 C.一侧甲状腺肿大 D
能引起亚急性硬化性全脑炎的病毒是A.柯萨奇病毒B.麻疹病毒C.狂犬病病毒D.EC
低辐射膜玻璃又称"Low-E"玻璃。该种玻璃对于可见光有较高的( )。 A、
综合布线系统的对绞线缆布线以不低于( )的比例进行随机抽样检测。 A、5%
()是指国家通过提高农副产品的收购价格,降低农用生产资料的销售价格来支援农业
(2016年真题)A公司和B公司均要在金融市场上借入1000万美元的资金,期限都
关于投标总价,下列说法错误的是()。A、应当与组成招标工程量清单的分部分项工程
最新回复
(
0
)