首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2024-02-22
5
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的)researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的)rewards speaks creativity in grade -school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激)indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary a chievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems ’and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. [br] Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.
选项
A、the choice’ between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B、the amount of monetary rewards for students’ creativity
C、the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D、the effects of external rewards on students’ performance
答案
D
解析
本题要求判断心理学家们在谈论何种问题时意见分歧。依据文章第一段Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards,from warm praise to cold cash,affect motivation and creativity.(外部奖励,从热情洋溢的话语表扬到冷冰冰的现金,如何影响一个人的动机和创造力,对这一点,心理学家们采取完全不同的观点。)比照选项D和文章内容,“opposing”和“di vided”相对应,“views”
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3473879.html
相关试题推荐
Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthesolutiontopreventexcessivepraiseandcr
Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthesolutiontopreventexcessivepraiseandcr
Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthesolutiontopreventexcessivepraiseandcr
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Dogsareoftenpraisedfortheir______;theyneverbetraytheirmasters.A、faith
Dogsareoftenpraisedfortheir______;theyalmostneverabandontheirmaster
______(没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评)thanInternet.Noinventionhasreceivedmorepraiseand
PsychologistsatQowl,aprivatefirmlinkedtotheUniversityofPortsmouth
随机试题
Cigarettesaregoodforyourthroat,accordingtoadvertisementsfromhalfa
A.E大调 B.G大调 C.e旋律小调 D.b旋律小调
关于衣原体,正确的是A:能用培养基培养 B:细胞内寄生 C:含一种类型核酸
客票根据航程分为()A.单程客票 B.联程客票 C.来回程客票 D.环程客
A.90棵 B.93棵 C.96棵 D.99棵
对于基金信息披露重大性的界定,我国仅采用“影响投资者决策”标准。()
客户违约给商业银行带来的债项损失包括两个层面,分别是()。 A.金融缺失和财
在氢化可的松结构上,将6α、9α位引入氟原子,在16、17α位引入缩酮结构,并将
某企业发生一起桥机起吊事故。事故经过是:一台30t/5t桥机在对一件尺寸为830
男,25岁,突感上腹部剧痛。检查:血压130/80mmHg,脉搏110次/分,板
最新回复
(
0
)