首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2024-02-22
9
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的)researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的)rewards speaks creativity in grade -school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激)indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary a chievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems ’and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. [br] The phrase "token economies"( Para. , Line 1 )probably refers to ______.
选项
A、ways to develop economy
B、systems of rewarding students
C、approaches to solving problems
D、methods of improving performance
答案
B
解析
本题属于猜测词义类型。可根据修饰说明token economies的非限制性定语从句in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards判断出选项B.systems of rewarding students是最相关的选项,故正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3473883.html
相关试题推荐
Psychologistshavenumerousfactstobearouttheclaimthatinorderto_______
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Dogsareoftenpraisedfortheir______;theyneverbetraytheirmasters.A、faith
Allofusdidquiteagoodjobbuttheteacheronly______himoutforpraise.A、
Theforeignexpertwhohadbeenpraisedveryhighly______tobeagreatdisappo
Shecouldhavethoughtofnothing______(更能使她哥哥高兴)thanthepraiseofMaggie.more
Weneednotonlytobeundervariousexternalpressures,______(也要面对内心的困惑).butal
______(没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评)thanInternet.Noinventionhasreceivedmorepraiseand
PsychologistsatQowl,aprivatefirmlinkedtotheUniversityofPortsmouth
随机试题
Bytheendofthisyear,he______inthisfactoryforasmanyasthirtyyears.A、w
Theauthorofthereportiswell_______withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecau
[originaltext]TheWorldSocialForummetforthefirsttimeattheendofl
教师队伍的()指教师队伍中归属不同学科、专业的比例状况。
患者女,30岁。胸骨后疼痛、反酸2个月。食管吞钡X线造影检查发现食管胃连接部进入
无形资产处于尚可取得利润的期间,由无形资产产生经济收入的能力决定的寿命年限是(
既要实现功能性的目标,又要体现形成性的要求,通过实现全面发展教育,促进学生个体的
发包人和承包人双方根据工程具体情况对通用合同条款的补充、细化的合同条款,属于《标
下列行政行为中,属于行政强制措施的是( )。A.行政拘留 B.没收 C.责
2018-41、位于大气污染防治重点区域的甲省拟建设可能对相邻乙省大气环境质量产
最新回复
(
0
)