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The very high temperatures attained in a nuclear explosion result in the for

游客2024-02-16  31
问题     The very high temperatures attained in a nuclear explosion result in the formation of an extremely hot intense mass of gas called a fireball. For a l0-kiloton (千吨，核弹当量单位) explosion in the air, the fireball will attain a maximum diameter of about 300m; for a l0-megaton (兆吨，核弹当量单位) weapon the fireball may be 4.8 km across. A flash of heat radiation is emitted from the fireball and spreads out over a large area, but with steadily decreasing intensity. The amount of heat energy received a certain distance from the nuclear explosion depends on the power of the weapon and the state of the atmosphere. If the visibility is poor or the explosion takes place above clouds, the effectiveness of the heat flash is decreased. The heat radiation falling on exposed skin can cause what called flash burns. A 10-kiloton explosion in the air can produce moderate (second-degree) flash burns, which require some medical attention, as far as 2.4 km from ground zero; for a 10-megaton bomb, the corresponding distance would be more than 32 km. milder burns of bare skin would be experienced even farther out. Most ordinary clothing provides protection from the heat radiation, as does almost any opaque (不透明的) object. Flash burns occur only when the bare skin is directly exposed, or if the clothing is too thin to absorb the heat radiation.
    The heat radiation can start fires in dry, flammable materials, for example, paper and some fabrics, and such fires may spread if conditions are suitable. The evidence from the A-bomb explosions over Japan indicates that many fires, especially in the area near ground zero, originated from secondary causes, such as electrical short circuits, broken gas lines, and upset furnaces and boilers in industrial plants. The blast damage produced wreckage that helped to maintain the fires and denied access to fire-fighting equipment. Thus, much of the fire damage in Japan was a secondary effect to the blast wave.
    Under some conditions, such as existed at Hiroshima but not at Nagasaki, many individual fires can combine to produce a fire storm similar to those that accompany some large forest fires. The heat of the fire causes a strong updraft (向上排气), which produces strong winds drawn in toward the center of the burning area. These winds fan the flame and convert the area into a disaster in which everything flammable is destroyed. [br] Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
选项 A、Any amount of the radiation is deadly for a person.
B、Any kind of opaque clothes can protect a person from atomic bomb.
C、A second-degree flash burn may not be so dangerous to life.
D、Thin clothes usually catch fire easily from heat radiation.
答案 C
解析 事实细节题。文章中明确说明，二度灼伤只需要一定的医疗处理，并不致命。故正确答案为C。
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