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  3. Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central Califor

Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central Califor

游客2024-01-13  22
问题     Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei(first-generation immigrants)were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought employment via the "boss" system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed; and labor contractors, who gathered workers for a particular job and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the Japanese. A re- lated institution was the "labor club," which provided job information and negotiated employment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership.
    When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902, the Issei began to lease land from the valley’ s strawberry farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei thus moved quickly from wage-labor employment to sharecropping agreements. A limited amount of economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined together to form farming corporation. As the Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start families, forming an established Japanese American community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain a-gricultural independence were hampered by government restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913. But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born children’s names.  Nakane’ s case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable information about the lives and experiences of the Issei. It is, however, too particularistic. This limitation de- rives from Nakane’ s methodology that of oral history which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative perspective. Future research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings, and what variations existed between rural Japanese American communities? [br] It can be inferred from the passage that, when the Issei began to lease land from the Valley’ s strawberry farmers, the Issei most probably did which of the following?
选项 A、They used profits made from selling the strawberry crop to hire other Issei.
B、They negotiated such agricultural contracts using the "boss" system.
C、They paid for the use of the land with a share of the strawberry crop.
D、They earned higher wages than when they raised sugar beets.
E、They violated the Alien Land Law.
答案 C
解析 第一代移民租种草莓田时，最可能做下面哪件事?见第二段起首L27—32。A．“profits made from selling”原文无。B．“boss system”在第一段，和这群人不一致。C．正确。他们为使用土地而付出的是将草莓收获与人共享，符合原文。D．比种甜菜挣得多。原文未明确比较。E．“Alien Land Law”和文章此处叙述无关。
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