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  3. When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleepin

When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleepin

游客2024-01-13  30
问题     When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the largest private employer of Black people in the United States and the company that controlled the railroad industry’ s sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a major corporation. Randolph’s efforts in the battle helped transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually, Randolph helped to weaken organized labor’ s antagonism toward Black workers.
    In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable obstacles. The first was Black workers ’ understandable skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.
    The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages, however, including Randolph’ s own tactical abilities. In 1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as wage earner. In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities; their segregated life protected the union’ s internal communications from interception. That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters representative.
    Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where it became the equal of the Federa- tion’ s 105 other unions. He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood would be in a better position to exert pressure on member unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restric- tions were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944. [br] In using the word "understandable"(line 20), the author most clearly conveys
选项 A、sympathy with attempts by the Brotherhood between 1925 and 1935 to establish an independent union.
B、concern that the obstacles faced by Randolph between 1925 and 1935 were indeed formidable.
C、ambivalence about the significance of unions to most Black workers in the 1920’s.
D、appreciation of the attitude of many Black workers in the 1920’s toward unions.
E、regret at the historical attitude of unions toward Black workers.
答案 D
解析 L20使用understandable，作者是在表达：此处作者是在对黑人怀疑、抵触工会表达一种理解的态度。∴D正确。评价20年代许多黑人工人对工会的态度。A．此处和Brotherhood无关。B．指出Randolph面临的障碍是可怕的。怀疑工会这种行为可称formidable，但作者的“understandable”绝无此意。C．ambivalence不合作者态度。E．易混。对工会对黑人的态度表示遗憾。文中没有对黑人抵触工会的原因明确说是工会态度引起的。
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