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  3. Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United St

Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United St

游客2024-01-13  23
问题     Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.  The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a "natural spillover." Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English—they would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.
    Bailyn’s third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were re- cruited; by the 1730 ’ s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.
    Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New Eng- land, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.
    Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of in- dentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political cul- ture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. [br] Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the passage?
选项 A、A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.
B、Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.
C、Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.
D、By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.
E、A significant percentage of migrants who came to the colonies to acquire land were forced to work as field hands for prosperous American farmers.
答案 D
解析 哪一个关于去北美的移民的观点被本文支持?A．作为签约仆人比自由人的数量多。文中未提。B．作为签约仆人的移民生活比农民及手工业者要好。未提。C．在获取土地方面，18世纪比17世纪情况好。未提。D．正确。到17世纪30年代，已经有一技之长的移民比非技术劳力更受欢迎。见原文L40—42。E．“field hands for prosperous American farmers”未提。
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