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  3. Modern anthropologists hold that referential symbolism—i.e. oral spee

Modern anthropologists hold that referential symbolism—i.e. oral spee

游客2024-01-11  32
问题            Modern anthropologists hold that referential symbolism—i.e. oral speech,
       writing, national flags, and flag signaling-developed later than condensation
       symbolism, a highly condensed form of substitutive behavior for direct
Line    expression that allows the release of emotional tension. Most referential
(5)      symbolisms derive from unconsciously evolved symbolisms saturated with
       emotional quality that have gradually acquired a purely referential character as
       the linked emotion dropped out of the behavior. Thus, shaking the fist at an
       imaginary enemy-condensation symbolism-becomes a dissociated and thus
       referential symbol for anger when no enemy is actually intended.
(10)         Once referential symbolism is established as a mere by-product of behavior,
       more conscious symbols of reference are evolved by the imitation in simplified
       form of the thing signified, as in the case of pictographic writing. Referential
       symbolism may also be attained by mere social agreement, as when a numbered
       check is arbitrarily assigned to a man’s hat. The less primary and associational
(15)     the symbolism,  the more dissociated from its original context, the less
       emotionalized it becomes, the more it takes on the character of true reference. [br] In developing the main idea of the passage, the author does which of the following?
选项 A、Suggests the existence of a social basis for all human behavior.
B、Notes several instances of human behavior and extrapolates a scientific theory.
C、Argues for the existence of categories of communication from an anthropological basis.
D、Reorganizes an anthropological system of categorization for greater clarity.
E、Codifies earlier, unsystematic conjectures about systems of meaning.
答案 C
解析
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