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  3. Many microorganisms survive such environmental stresses as heat, cold

Many microorganisms survive such environmental stresses as heat, cold

游客2024-01-11  62
问题            Many microorganisms survive such environmental stresses as heat, cold
       and desiccation not by rapid rates of mitosis, but by producing specialized cells
       designed to persist in a dormant state in hostile environments. Most fungi, for
Line    example, yield single-celled spores, which, through wind distribution, can
(5)     survive for long periods of time before germinating and sprouting fungal
       filaments of their own. Other types of bacteria produce a special type of spore
       called an endospore, capable of withstanding such extremes as boiling and
       freezing temperatures, and even ultraviolet radiation.
           Though research results remain tentative, several factors may protect
(10)    endospores from environmental stress: they have a low water content, unusual
       proteins and a tough spore coat absent in mature bacterial cells. When garden
       fruits and vegetables, which may contain botulism endospores, are preserved by
       canning at boiling temperatures, we know that these spores survive the heat
       and sprout in the food, and as a result, the bacteria generate the botulism toxin
(15)    that can lead to food poisoning-proof of their magnificent resilience. [br] The author’s primary purpose in the passage is to
选项 A、describe the limits of biologists’ understanding of the phenomenon of cellular dormancy
B、explain how certain organisms have adapted to withstand environmental adversity
C、contrast the survival techniques of two organisms which use dormancy to survive hostile environments
D、explain why endospores are so adept at surviving the traditional canning process
E、suggest which methods are effective for killing endospores at which are not
答案 B
解析
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