首页
登录
职称英语
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which t
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which t
游客
2024-01-11
7
管理
问题
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and
false statements can be made; there is no absolute truth, though there may be
many "relative truths". Scientific skepticism in its simplest form denies only
Line that we ever know, in the sense of establishing for certain, whether a
(5) statement made by us is absolutely true or false, for the grounds of what is
accepted as true themselves require grounds, thus initiating an infinite regress
of justification. In supplement, Hume noted that reports of experience,
observation and experiment, do not conclusively justify any prediction
concerning the future or more generally the unobserved, even if they are held
(10) to be so solidly based as to need no justification themselves. This may be
regarded as skepticism about induction, the principal by which Bacon famously
warranted inference from the known into the unknown. When we abandon the
dream of conclusive justification, Hume argued, we must become all the more
skeptical about opinions supported only by experience. Modern skeptics relish
(15) especially this second discovery of Hume’s: that there exist no grounds
whatever, conclusive or inconclusive, for anything that we claim to be certain
of.
Hume’s argument is indeed open to question, though we ought not assume
too quickly that his conclusion encourages relativism. Even if skepticism is
(20) correct, his argument does not concede anything to relativism, for skepticism
does not recommend universal suspension of judgment or the ruinous doctrine
that all rational opinion is justified opinion. The level-headed skeptic, the
critical rationalist, does not doubt that there is truth to be had, but thinks that
it may be had only by making a lucky guess. If one judges that there is life
(25) elsewhere in the galaxy, and the other judges the opposite, then one of them
has hit on a fragment of the truth.
Remorseless though the logic is, it is at this point that reasonable people
ask in incredulity: can it be seriously maintained that present-day science is
simply a more widely accepted form of study of UFOs, dianetics, and similar
(30) unseemly charlatanism? Scientific hypotheses are guesses no better backed by
observation and experiment, and have no more claim on our credulity, than the
fancies of pseudo-scientists. But science is more than the sum of its hypotheses,
its observations, and its experiments, for from the point of view of rationality,
science is above the critical method of searching for errors. What is wrong with
(35) pseudoscience is the manner in which it handles its hypotheses, not the
hypotheses themselves, though if they are designed to be unassailable and
unfalsifiable, then unassailed and unfalsified they doubtlessly remain.
Consequently, though a hypothesis that survives all criticism directed at it is
preferable to a hypothesis that dies, it does not become a better hypothesis
(40) through being tested. [br] The author uses the example of the question of life in other galaxies primarily in order to
选项
A、question whether in certain situations the truth may ever be determined
B、illustrate that truth has an objective existence even when there are few empirical grounds for determining it
C、suggest that the answer to certain scientific questions plays only a minor role in people’s lives
D、support the thesis that skepticism plays a vital role in the scientific process
E、assess the answers pseudo-sciences like ufology provide for unanswerable questions
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352633.html
相关试题推荐
Tomakeupanobjectivetest,theteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,______ha
Tomakeupanobjectivetest,theteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,_________
Exactly3depositshavebeenmadeinasavingsaccountandtheamountsofthede
Thelargeamountsofcarbondioxidenowbeingreleasedintotheatmospherebyth
Eventhoughthedirectcostsofmalpracticedisputesamountstoasumlowerthan
ASETIC:SELF-DENIAL::A、pacifist:amicabilityB、reactionary:vehemenceC、busybody.
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhicht
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhicht
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhicht
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhicht
随机试题
IntheAgeofGenetics,younolongerhavetotrytocutoutsmokingorthink
高度为5(除叶子层之外)的三阶B-树至少有()个结点。A.30 B.31 C
以上哪项为川芎茶调散的功效A.祛风寒湿,兼清里热B.祛风止痛,清利头目C.祛风清
144、SF6气体必须经SF6气体质量监督管理中心抽检合格,并出具检测报告
D解题指导:内外小圆个数相同抵消,故答案为D。
拿破仑去世后,其尸检报告给出的拿破仑官方身高是5尺2寸(法寸),即1.68米左右
高血压心脏病主要是 A.左心室大B.右心室大C.左心房大D.全心扩大
境内某居民公司向境外公司(关联企业)支付专利许可费200万,专利指导服务费50万
依法批准开工报告的建设工程,建设单位应当自开工报告批准之日起( )日内,将保证
生命质量评价内容一般不包括( )。A.个人执行角色的能力 B.个人心理功能状
最新回复
(
0
)