首页
登录
职称英语
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which t
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which t
游客
2024-01-11
38
管理
问题
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and
false statements can be made; there is no absolute truth, though there may be
many "relative truths". Scientific skepticism in its simplest form denies only
Line that we ever know, in the sense of establishing for certain, whether a
(5) statement made by us is absolutely true or false, for the grounds of what is
accepted as true themselves require grounds, thus initiating an infinite regress
of justification. In supplement, Hume noted that reports of experience,
observation and experiment, do not conclusively justify any prediction
concerning the future or more generally the unobserved, even if they are held
(10) to be so solidly based as to need no justification themselves. This may be
regarded as skepticism about induction, the principal by which Bacon famously
warranted inference from the known into the unknown. When we abandon the
dream of conclusive justification, Hume argued, we must become all the more
skeptical about opinions supported only by experience. Modern skeptics relish
(15) especially this second discovery of Hume’s: that there exist no grounds
whatever, conclusive or inconclusive, for anything that we claim to be certain
of.
Hume’s argument is indeed open to question, though we ought not assume
too quickly that his conclusion encourages relativism. Even if skepticism is
(20) correct, his argument does not concede anything to relativism, for skepticism
does not recommend universal suspension of judgment or the ruinous doctrine
that all rational opinion is justified opinion. The level-headed skeptic, the
critical rationalist, does not doubt that there is truth to be had, but thinks that
it may be had only by making a lucky guess. If one judges that there is life
(25) elsewhere in the galaxy, and the other judges the opposite, then one of them
has hit on a fragment of the truth.
Remorseless though the logic is, it is at this point that reasonable people
ask in incredulity: can it be seriously maintained that present-day science is
simply a more widely accepted form of study of UFOs, dianetics, and similar
(30) unseemly charlatanism? Scientific hypotheses are guesses no better backed by
observation and experiment, and have no more claim on our credulity, than the
fancies of pseudo-scientists. But science is more than the sum of its hypotheses,
its observations, and its experiments, for from the point of view of rationality,
science is above the critical method of searching for errors. What is wrong with
(35) pseudoscience is the manner in which it handles its hypotheses, not the
hypotheses themselves, though if they are designed to be unassailable and
unfalsifiable, then unassailed and unfalsified they doubtlessly remain.
Consequently, though a hypothesis that survives all criticism directed at it is
preferable to a hypothesis that dies, it does not become a better hypothesis
(40) through being tested. [br] Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the passage?
选项
A、It is easy to see why the confusion of skepticism with relativism, or of justification with truth, is rationally so debilitating.
B、The presumption that genuine truth is possible without a measure of justification is a most mischievous error.
C、If scientists would stop lauding scientific rationality in the face of reason, irrationalism would be less popular.
D、Scientific hypotheses are not untrustworthy or unreliable except in the sense of being sometimes false.
E、Faced with their detractors, scientists characteristically retort that science, unlike witchcraft, works.
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352630.html
相关试题推荐
[img]ct_gre6image014[/img]In1980whatwastheaverageoftheamountscontribut
ASETIC:SELF-DENIAL::A、pacifist:amicabilityB、reactionary:vehemenceC、busybody.
Moldswereonceusedonlyforsmallamountsoffat,sharedwithneighborsatcoo
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhicht
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhicht
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhicht
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhicht
ASCETIC:SELF-DENIAL::A、nomad:dissipationB、miser:affluenceC、zealot:fana
Thepsychologist’sostensiblyobjectiveexperimentswereinfact______:theysub
Becauseshewasasuccessfulentrepreneurwhodonatedlargeamountsofmoneyto
随机试题
WhenMomandDadGrowOldA)Theprospectoftalkingtoinc
Itwastheworsttragedyin【C1】______history,sixtimesmoredeadlythanthe
对于普通沥青路面钻芯取样通常在(),对于SMA路面宜在()取样。A.
从腹腔取出的液体具有如下特征:高比重,静置时凝固,混浊且呈黄色,含纤维蛋白原,是
患者,女性,29岁,大面积烧伤7小时,转送途中输液1000ml。入院后监测CVP
色甘酸钠预防哮喘发作的机制是A.稳定肥大细胞的细胞膜,抑制过敏介质释放B.阻止抗
根据购买力平价理论,决定汇率长期趋势的主导因素是( )。A.相对利率 B.总
“榜样学习”的教育效应最适合的心理学解释理论是() A.强化说 B.认知失调
教育学是一门以教育现象、教育问题为研究对象,探索_的科学。
下列有关国务院行政机构的说法哪一项是错误的?()A.国务院办事机构协助国务院总
最新回复
(
0
)