首页
登录
职称英语
Detailed knowledge of each of the jet streams of the earth’s hemisph
Detailed knowledge of each of the jet streams of the earth’s hemisph
游客
2024-01-11
14
管理
问题
Detailed knowledge of each of the jet streams of the earth’s hemispheres-
its location, altitude and strength-is critical to modern-day weather
forecasting, as well as to more specific applications such as the routing of
Line aircraft. By way of definition, a jet in fluid dynamics is simply a core of fluid
(5) moving at a higher velocity than the surrounding fluid, and although
complicated to describe mathematically, the jet streams in the atmosphere are a
straightforward, natural result of the meridional (equator-to-pole) temperature
gradient in the earth’ s atmosphere. Analogous flows exist on other planets with
substantial atmospheres having similar temperature gradients.
(10) The temperature gradient derives from the differential solar heating of the
spherical surface of a planet: the surface is generally warmest at the equator
and grows progressively cooler as one moves poleward. The centrifugal effects
of the earth’s rotation, often called the Coriolis force, deflect the north-south
transport of heat from the equator to the poles into the predominantly east-west
(15) motion of the jet stream. The relative strength, or velocity, of the jet stream is
proportional to the intensity of this thermal gradient. During the winter
months, when the equator-to-pole temperature disparity is at its greatest, the
jet stream reaches its maximum velocity, while during the summer months,
when the temperature gradient between the equator and the pole is considerably
(20) less, the jet stream reaches its minimum velocity.
The jet stream does not maintain a straight, zonal flow from west to east
but rather takes on a more serpentine look, often with dramatic dips to the
south or rises to the north. There are two major reasons for these nonzonal
motions: the temperature gradient between the equator and the poles and the
(25) presence of land masses on the earth’s surface. The meridional temperature
gradient between the equator and poles that gives rise to the jet stream also
produces secondary atmospheric circulations, or eddies which, referred to by
meteorologists as baroclinic waves, have a complex interaction with the jet
stream, one that is intriguingly two-sided. The eddies modify the distribution of
(30) temperature and kinetic energy within the atmosphere, a process that has a
pronounced effect on the location and movement of the jet stream, which itself
interacts with these waves, acting not only as a transport or steering
mechanism but transferring momentum and energy back to the waves.
The presence of land masses on the earth’s otherwise watery surface also
(35) modifies the distribution of temperature, because continents heat and cool at a
dramatically slower rate than do the oceans. The topography of the land also
influences the jet stream’s location-mountain ranges and plains on large
continents, for example, significantly imbalance the distribution of atmospheric
temperature, narrowing the jet stream. And since the jet stream is a thermally
(40) driven phenomenon, the more complicated the three-dimensional temperature
structure of the earth’s atmosphere, the more "wandering" will take place in
the course of the jet stream. [br] According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between secondary atmospheric circulations and jet streams?
选项
A、Jet streams and baroclinic waves tend to interact most intensely with one another in the winter, then act independently in the summer.
B、Jet streams and baroclinic waves tend to exist at various points in the atmosphere in inversely proportional strength.
C、Jet streams and baroclinic waves may behave differently, but they issue from a common source and augment one another.
D、Jet streams tend to distribute kinetic energy in the atmosphere, and baroclinic waves relay this energy back to the jet stream.
E、Jet streams tend to be more affected by the presence of landmasses than do haroclinic waves.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352593.html
相关试题推荐
Byexaminingfossilizedbeetles,aresearchteamhasproducedthemostdetailed
Martha’sfriend,whoisveryknowledgeableaboutedibleflowers,toldMarthath
Literacyopenedupentirerealmsofverifiableknowledgetoordinarymenandwom
Scientistshaveacknowledgedthattointerpretananimal’sthoughtprocessesin
Scientistshaveacknowledgedthattointerpretananimal’sthoughtprocessesin
TheshahofPersia,althoughhehadtoacknowledgethatthesultanwasaworthy
EXPERIENCED:PRACTICE::A、cunning:decideB、vigilant:viewC、knowledgeable:rea
Detailedknowledgeofeachofthejetstreamsoftheearth’shemisph
Detailedknowledgeofeachofthejetstreamsoftheearth’shemisph
Detailedknowledgeofeachofthejetstreamsoftheearth’shemisph
随机试题
I’ve___________(向几所美国学校申请了)scholarships.appliedtoseveralAmericanschoolsfor
肠鸣音活跃常见于:()A.腹膜炎 B.肠麻痹 C.机械性肠梗阻 D.急
患者,男性,35岁。因单位组织常规体检发现身体异常,拟诊肝硬化(代偿期)而收入院
功善温补肾阳的方剂是A.肾气丸B.地黄饮子C.阳和汤D.左归丸E.以上均非
原发性甲状腺功能减退的最早表现下列哪项升高A.TRHB.TSHC.TBGD.TG
J54、在正常运行情况下不接地系统中性点位移电压不得超过().(A)
茶叶是中国人喜爱的健康饮品。一般人将茶叶冲泡饮用几次之后,就将喝剩的茶叶倒掉。某
共用题干 口腔临床试验是口腔流行病学常用的一种研究方法,现拟进行一项试验研究,
在建设工程施工过程中,加快施工进度的组织措施包括()。A.采用先进的施工方法
患者男,65岁,咳嗽,痰中带血伴喘息3个月,头面部及双上肢肿胀2周,吸烟30支/
最新回复
(
0
)