首页
登录
职称英语
Detailed knowledge of each of the jet streams of the earth’s hemisph
Detailed knowledge of each of the jet streams of the earth’s hemisph
游客
2024-01-11
44
管理
问题
Detailed knowledge of each of the jet streams of the earth’s hemispheres-
its location, altitude and strength-is critical to modern-day weather
forecasting, as well as to more specific applications such as the routing of
Line aircraft. By way of definition, a jet in fluid dynamics is simply a core of fluid
(5) moving at a higher velocity than the surrounding fluid, and although
complicated to describe mathematically, the jet streams in the atmosphere are a
straightforward, natural result of the meridional (equator-to-pole) temperature
gradient in the earth’ s atmosphere. Analogous flows exist on other planets with
substantial atmospheres having similar temperature gradients.
(10) The temperature gradient derives from the differential solar heating of the
spherical surface of a planet: the surface is generally warmest at the equator
and grows progressively cooler as one moves poleward. The centrifugal effects
of the earth’s rotation, often called the Coriolis force, deflect the north-south
transport of heat from the equator to the poles into the predominantly east-west
(15) motion of the jet stream. The relative strength, or velocity, of the jet stream is
proportional to the intensity of this thermal gradient. During the winter
months, when the equator-to-pole temperature disparity is at its greatest, the
jet stream reaches its maximum velocity, while during the summer months,
when the temperature gradient between the equator and the pole is considerably
(20) less, the jet stream reaches its minimum velocity.
The jet stream does not maintain a straight, zonal flow from west to east
but rather takes on a more serpentine look, often with dramatic dips to the
south or rises to the north. There are two major reasons for these nonzonal
motions: the temperature gradient between the equator and the poles and the
(25) presence of land masses on the earth’s surface. The meridional temperature
gradient between the equator and poles that gives rise to the jet stream also
produces secondary atmospheric circulations, or eddies which, referred to by
meteorologists as baroclinic waves, have a complex interaction with the jet
stream, one that is intriguingly two-sided. The eddies modify the distribution of
(30) temperature and kinetic energy within the atmosphere, a process that has a
pronounced effect on the location and movement of the jet stream, which itself
interacts with these waves, acting not only as a transport or steering
mechanism but transferring momentum and energy back to the waves.
The presence of land masses on the earth’s otherwise watery surface also
(35) modifies the distribution of temperature, because continents heat and cool at a
dramatically slower rate than do the oceans. The topography of the land also
influences the jet stream’s location-mountain ranges and plains on large
continents, for example, significantly imbalance the distribution of atmospheric
temperature, narrowing the jet stream. And since the jet stream is a thermally
(40) driven phenomenon, the more complicated the three-dimensional temperature
structure of the earth’s atmosphere, the more "wandering" will take place in
the course of the jet stream. [br] The passage suggests that when jet streams interact with continents with few mountain ranges and plains, which of the following also happens?
选项
A、More "wandering" occurs in the jet stream than would probably occur over the ocean.
B、The continent in question heats and cools at a faster rate than it would without the jet stream.
C、The jet stream becomes more narrow and focused than it would be over the ocean.
D、The temperature of the jet stream is distributed more evenly than if the continent had more mountains.
E、The jet stream evinces more signs of being a thermally driven phenomenon than it does in other situations.
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352596.html
相关试题推荐
Literacyopenedupentirerealmsofverifiableknowledgetoordinarymenandwom
Scientistshaveacknowledgedthattointerpretananimal’sthoughtprocessesin
Thevireo’scomebackmayprovethathabitatalongstreamsinSouthernCalifornia
TheshahofPersia,althoughhehadtoacknowledgethatthesultanwasaworthy
EXPERIENCED:PRACTICE::A、cunning:decideB、vigilant:viewC、knowledgeable:rea
Detailedknowledgeofeachofthejetstreamsoftheearth’shemisph
Detailedknowledgeofeachofthejetstreamsoftheearth’shemisph
Detailedknowledgeofeachofthejetstreamsoftheearth’shemisph
INFORM:KNOWLEDGE::A、console:promotionB、strengthen:solidityC、apprise:in
Muchofourknowledgeofdinosaurscomesfromexcavatedbones,which,in(i)____
随机试题
Readthetextbelowaboutaretailgroup.Foreachquestion23-28,choo
Scientificdiscoveriesareoften______toindustrialproductionmethods.A、intro
Accordingtouniversityofficials,whoareputinanunfavorablesituationunder
王先生,55岁。进食后2小时突然感觉上腹剧烈疼痛,自服止痛剂后略缓解,未到医院就
建筑安装工程费用中社会保险费包括( )。A.养老保险费 B.住房公积金 C
某建筑公司和材料供应公司签订合同,约定了违约金,并交付定金,因为供应公司违约未能
下列化合物的水溶液强烈振摇后,会产生持久性的泡沫的是A、生物碱类化合物 B、醌
红霉素主要作用于细菌核糖体A.30S亚基 B.70S亚基 C.50S亚基
根据生产安全事故造成的人员伤亡或者直接经济损失,事故一般分为()个等级。
甲、乙、丙、丁相约勤工俭学。下列未经著作权人同意使用他人受保护作品的哪一行为没有
最新回复
(
0
)