首页
登录
职称英语
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the centr
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the centr
游客
2024-01-11
58
管理
问题
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the central hypothesis of a fundamental discontinuity between preindustrial and industrial societies. According to this view, the modern idea of leisure did not exist in medieval and early modern Europe: the modern distinction between the categories of work and leisure was a product of industrial capitalism. Preindustrial societies had festivals(together with informal and irregular breaks from work), while industrial societies have leisure in the form of weekends and vacations. The emergence of leisure is therefore part of the process of modernization. If this theory is correct, there is what Michel Foucault called a conceptual rupture between the two periods, and so the very idea of a history of leisure before the Industrial Revolution is an anachronism.
To reject the idea that leisure has had a continuous history from the Middle Ages to the present is not to deny that late medieval and early modern Europeans engaged in many pursuits that are now commonly considered leisure or sporting activities— jousting, hunting, tennis, card playing, travel, and so on—or that Europe in this period was dominated by a privileged class that engaged in these pursuits. What is involved in the discontinuity hypothesis is the recognition that the people of the Middle Ages and early modern Europe did not regard as belonging to a common category activities(hunting and gambling, for example)that are usually classified together today under the heading of leisure. Consider fencing: today it maybe considered a "sport," but for the gentleman of the Renaissance it was an art or science. Conversely, activities that today may be considered serious, notably warfare, were often described as pastimes.
Serious pitfalls therefore confront historians of leisure who assume continuity and who work with the modern concepts of leisure and sport, projecting them back onto the past without asking about the meanings contemporaries gave to their activities. However, the discontinuity hypothesis can pose problems of its own. Historians holding this view attempt to avoid anachronism by means of a simple dichotomy, cutting European history into two eras, preindustrial and industrial, setting up the binary opposition between a "festival culture" and a "leisure culture." The dichotomy remains of use insofar as it reminds us that the rise of industrial capitalism was not purely a phenomenon of economic history, but had social and cultural preconditions and consequences. The dichotomy, however, leads to distortions when it reduces a great variety of medieval and early modern European ideas, assumptions, and practices to the simple formula implied by the phrase "festival culture." [br] According to the passage, the "simple dichotomy"(line 26)is useful primarily because it serves as
选项
A、a way of calling historians’ attention to certain facts about the Industrial Revolution
B、an antidote to the oversimplification encouraged by such terms as "festival culture"
C、a device for distinguishing between the work and the leisure activities of preindustrial Europeans
D、a way of understanding the privileged class of medieval Europe by viewing its activities in modern terms
E、a tool for separating social history, including the history of leisure, from economic history
答案
A
解析
"Simple dichotomy" is mentioned in line 26. The passage states that this dichotomy "remains of use insofar as it reminds us that the rise of industrial capitalism"(lines 28-29)was not just an economic phenomenon, but also a social and a cultural phenomenon. This points to Choice A as correct.
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3351763.html
相关试题推荐
Untilrecently,scrutinyoftree-ringrecordsseemedtoestablishthat
A、ThehistoryofwildfiresinNorthAmericademonstratesthatcontrolledblazes
WhiletheSevenYears’WarresolvednoneofEurope’s______conflicts,sofarasN
METAMORPHOSE:A、arrangebeforehandB、movedownleisurelyC、stayunchangedD、gofo
Wecanscarcelyaffordtoneglectairportsecurityinlightoftherecentterror
EventhoughJung’stheoryofthemindhasbeendesignatedas______byitsrecent
Untilrecently,scrutinyoftree-ringrecordsseemedtoestablishth
Untilrecently,scrutinyoftree-ringrecordsseemedtoestablishth
Untilrecently,scrutinyoftree-ringrecordsseemedtoestablishth
BIOGRAPHY:HISTORY::A、trio:chorusB、sonata:danceC、record:disasterD、trea
随机试题
ThemoreIreflectonthe23impressiveyearssincethesigningoftheMont
There’snoquestionthattheEarthisgettinghotter.Therealquestionsare:Ho
旅行社财务管理的唯一目标就是利润最大化。()
限时电流速断保护与相邻线路电流速断保护在定值上和时限上均要配合,若()不满
ELISA间接法通常用来检测A.抗抗体 B.半抗原 C.免疫复合物 D.抗
根据《基金管理公司风险管理指引(试行)》,销售合规性风险管理主要措施不包括(
股份有限公司的股东大会会议由董事会召集,董事长、副董事长都不能履行职务或者不履行
侵权与违约竞合的期货纠纷案件,依( )确定管辖。A.当事人选择的诉由 B.侵
“十一五”时期我国经济增长的目标是() A.实现2010年国内生产总值比2
与亚急性甲状腺炎有关的症状为A、干燥综合征 B、粘液水肿面容 C、皮肤紫癜
最新回复
(
0
)