2. 职称英语
  3. Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obst

Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obst

游客2024-01-10  31
问题     Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obstacles relative to men as they move up the organizational ladder in business. This proposition, which we term the increasing-disadvantage model, is a core element of the popular glass ceiling metaphor. Despite continued widespread public acceptance of the glass ceiling idea and some consistent findings, most research to date has failed to support the increasing-disadvantage model. Indeed, several studies based on private-sector firms find that women’s mobility prospects improve, rather than decline, as they climb upward in corporate hierarchies. In the public sector, researchers have found either no sex differences in mobility or a larger female disadvantage in lower grades.
    Comparing cross-sectional national samples of workers, Baxter and Wright found no evidence in the United States, and only limited evidence in Sweden and Australia, that women’ s probability of being located in a higher versus a lower hierarchical level declined relative to men’ s at higher levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that the glass ceiling may be a myth. Women’ s scarcity in top organizational ranks may simply represent the cumulative effect of a constant-or even decreasing-disadvantage at successive hierarchical levels. [br] Based on the passage, which of the following is true of the “limited evidence” from Sweden and Australia?
选项 A、It lends supports to the increasing-disadvantage model.
B、It correlates with findings on women’ s mobility from most other counties.
C、It suggests important cultural similarities between these countries.
D、It points to a phenomenon not widely recognized in these countries.
E、It helps explain the persistence of the glass ceiling.
答案 A
解析 根据第二段第一句，这些“有限的证据”确实表明女性会在这两个国家遭遇劣势上升，因此选项A正确。B项这些有限的证据只能说明瑞典和澳大利亚的情况，跟其他大多数国家无关。C项与“文化”无关。D项只能说这两个国家有这些现象，但是并不确定这些现象有没有被认识到。E项这些证据可以说明存在玻璃天花板，但是不能说“长期存在”。
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