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  3. Until recently, scientists did not know of a close vertebrate analogue to th

Until recently, scientists did not know of a close vertebrate analogue to th

游客2024-01-13  33
问题     Until recently, scientists did not know of a close vertebrate analogue to the extreme form of altruism observed in eusocial insects like ants and bees,  whereby individuals cooperate, sometimes even sacrificing their own opportunities to survive and reproduce, for the good of others. However, such a vertebrate society may exist among un- der ground colonies of the highly social rodent Heterocephalus glaber, the naked mole rat.
    A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasp s nest, or termite mound, is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female. Other adult female mole rats neither ovulate nor breed. The queen is the largest member of the colony, and she maintains her breeding status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably, chemical control. Queens have been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or are removed from a colony one sees violent fighting for breeding status among the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a new queen.
    Eusocial insect societies have rigid caste systems, each insects’ s role being defined by its behavior, body shape, and physiology. In naked mole rat societies, on the other hand, differences in behavior are related primarily to reproductive status(reproduction being limit- ed to the queen and a few males), body size, and perhaps age. Smaller non-breeding members, both male and female, seem to participate primarily in gathering food, transporting nest mate- rial, and tunneling. Larger nonreaders are active in defending the colony and perhaps in removing dirt from the tunnels. Jarvis’ work has suggested that differences in growth rates may influ- ence the length of time that an individual performs a task, regardless of its age. Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in vertebrates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively breeding vertebrates(except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus)are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female. The division of labor within social groups is leas pronounced among other vertebrates than among naked mole rats, colony size is much smaller, and mating by subordinate females may not be totally suppressed, whereas in naked mole rat colonies sub- ordinate females are not sexually active, and many never breed. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that the performance of tasks in naked mole rat colonies differs from task performance in eusocial insect societies in which of the following ways?
选项 A、In naked mole rat colonies, all tasks are performed cooperatively.
B、In naked mole rat colonies, the performance of tasks is less rigidly determined by body shape.
C、In naked mole rat colonies, breeding is limited to the largest animals.
D、In eusocial insect societies, reproduction is limited to a single female.
E、In eusocial insect societies, the distribution of tasks is based on body size.
答案 B
解析 裸鼹鼠种群的工作和社会性昆虫的工作相比有何不同?这种比较在第三段一开始给出结论。L28—36社会性昆虫中确定因素有：行为、体型、生理。裸鼹鼠种群为：繁殖地位，身体大小，可能还有年龄。∴B正确，在裸鼹鼠种群中，工作较少被体型严格确定。A、C、D、E均不合原文此处叙述。
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