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  3. Until around 1930 few United States Civil War historians paid much attention

Until around 1930 few United States Civil War historians paid much attention

游客2024-01-10  36
问题     Until around 1930 few United States Civil War historians paid much attention to Southerners who opposed the 1861-1865 secession from the United States by a confederacy of Southern states. Southern historians clung instead to a notion of the South’s unanimity in the face of Northern aggression. Only when scholars such as Lonn decided to examine this side of the war did historian of the Confederacy begin to recognize the existence of Southerners loyal to the Union (Unionists). While these early historians of Southern dissent broke new ground, they also reproduced Confederate authorities’ negative view of loyalists as shady characters driven by dubious motives. Even Tatum, who took a largely sympathetic attitude toward loyalists, tended to lump them into nebulous categories, offering broad generalizations that ignored the particulars of Unionists’ identities and experiences.
    This early-twentieth-century historiography nonetheless represented the leading research on dissent in the South until the 1960s and 1970s. Spurred by the advent of social historical methods, a new generation of historians found Unionists interesting as manifestations of the Confederacy’s internal weaknesses. Focusing on the Appalachian Mountain and upper South regions of the Confederacy, these scholars argued that there was a profound divide among Southern Whites between those who benefited economically from slave-run plantations and those who did not. One such historian was Escott, who emphasized regional and economic conflict among Southerners. Escott cast Unionists and other dissenters as mountaineers who could not, by reason of economic and social alienation, identify with the proslavery Southern cause. This theme has heavily influenced the work of subsequent scholars, who commonly place Unionists at the extreme end of a continuum of class-based Confederate disaffection that was ultimately responsible for the South’s collapse. Because the driving force behind such inquiries into loyalist history has been a desire to explain Confederate ideology, politics, and defeat, emphasis has been placed on the ways loyalist Southerners diverged from the political and economic mainstream of Confederate nationalism.
    Only recently have some Civil War historians begun to make Unionists and their experiences, rather than the Confederate state, the center of inquiry. These scholars have done intensive community and local studies of dissenting groups that take into account a range of social and cultural, as well as military and political, factors at work on the Southern home front. Hoping to better understand who remained loyal to the Union during the war, these historians have sought to explain the Civil War’s underlying character, dimensions, and impact in particular counties or towns, especially in the upper South and Appalachia. This relatively new trend has stressed the particular, delved into the complexities of political allegiances on the home front, and, as Sutherland notes, highlighted "the gritty experience of real people.” [br] Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
选项 A、It challenges a common misconception about the motives driving an influential group of Civil War historians.
B、It describes a major contribution of the Civil War historians of the 1960s and 1970s that inspired the next generation of scholars.
C、It calls attention to aspects of the Confederate cause that were alienating to those Southerners who remained loyal to the Union
D、It identifies a tendency in Civil War scholarship that more recent scholarship has moved away from
E、It explains how ideological and political aspects of the loyalist Southerners rejected the Confederate cause
答案 D
解析 本题属于功能题，定位句3s版本，即描述了第二段中的研究者的观点，因此选项D正确。D项a tendency指代的便是第二段的观点，主要研究南方统一派和邦联的区别，而这种观点在第三段被最近的研究所疏远，因为第三段的新研究把统一派放在重要位置。more recent scholarship指的便是第三段的研究。A项本句话旨在介绍第二段的研究者的研究内容，无法用来批判某个观点。B项看不出是贡献。C项这句话强调的是第二段研究者的研究内容，而非邦联事业的某些方面。E项没有解释统一派如何拒绝了邦联。
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