首页
登录
职称英语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading
游客
2024-01-07
33
管理
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Unmasking Skin
A If you took off your skin and laid it flat, it would cover an area of about twenty-one square feet, making it by far the body’s largest organ. Draped in place over our bodies, skin forms the barrier between what’s inside us and what’s outside. It protects us from a multitude of external forces. It serves as an avenue to our most intimate physical and psychological selves.
B This impervious yet permeable barrier, less than a millimetre thick in places, is composed of three layers. The outermost layer is the bloodless epidermis. The dermis includes collagen, elastin, and nerve endings. The innermost layer, subcutaneous fat, contains tissue that acts as an energy source, cushion and insulator for the body.
C From these familiar characteristics of skin emerge the profound mysteries of touch, arguably our most essential source of sensory stimulation. We can live without seeing or hearing — in fact, without any of our other senses. But babies born without effective nerve connections between skin and brain can fail to thrive and may even die.
D Laboratory experiments decades ago, now considered unethical and inhumane, kept baby monkeys from being touched by their mothers. It made no difference that the babies could see, hear and smell their mothers; without touching, the babies became apathetic, and failed to progress.
E For humans, insufficient touching in early years can have lifelong results. ’In touching cultures, adult aggression is low, whereas in cultures where touch is limited, adult aggression is high,’ writes Tiffany Field, director of the Touch Research Institutes at the University of Miami School of Medicine. Studies of a variety of cultures show a correspondence between high rates of physical affection in childhood and low rates of adult physical violence.
F While the effects of touching are easy to understand, the mechanics of it are less so. ’Your skin has millions of nerve cells of various shapes at different depths,’ explains Stanley Bolanowski, a neuroscientist and associate director of the Institute for Sensory Research at Syracuse University. ’When the nerve cells are stimulated, physical energy is transformed into energy used by the nervous system and passed from the skin to the spinal cord and brain. It’s called transduction, and no one knows exactly how it takes place.’ Suffice it to say that the process involves the intricate, split-second operation of a complex system of signals between neurons in the skin and brain.
G This is starting to sound very confusing until Bolanowski says: ’In simple terms people perceive three basic things via skin: pressure, temperature, and pain.’ And then I’m sure he’s wrong. ’When I get wet, my skin feels wet,’ I protest. ’Close your eyes and lean back,’ says Bolanowski
H Something cold and wet is on my forehead — so wet, in fact, that I wait for water to start dripping down my cheeks. ’Open your eyes.’ Bolanowski says, showing me that the sensation comes from a chilled, but dry, metal cylinder. The combination of pressure and cold, he explains, is what makes my skin perceive wetness. He gives me a surgical glove to put on and has me put a finger in a glass of cold water. My finger feels wet, even though I have visual proof that it’s not touching water. My skin, which seemed so reliable, has been deceiving me my entire life. When I shower or wash my hands, I now realize, my skin feels pressure and temperature. It’s my brain that says I feel wet.
I Perceptions of pressure, temperature and pain manifest themselves in many different ways. Gentle stimulation of pressure receptors can result in ticklishness; gentle stimulation of pain receptors, in itching. Both sensations arise from a neurological transmission, not from something that physically exists. Skin, I’m realizing, is under constant assault, both from within the body and from forces outside. Repairs occur with varying success.
J Take the spot where I nicked myself with a knife while slicing fruit. I have a crusty scab surrounded by pink tissue about a quarter inch long on my right palm. Under the scab, epidermal cells are migrating into the wound to close it up. When the process is complete, the scab will fall off to reveal new epidermis. It’s only been a few days, but my little self-repair is almost complete. Likewise, we recover quickly from slight burns. If you ever happen to touch a hot burner, just put your finger in cold water. The chances are you will have no blister, little pain and no scar. Severe burns, though, are a different matter.
Questions 27-30
Reading Passage 3 has ten paragraphs, A-J.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet. [br] cruel research methods used in the past
选项
答案
D
解析
由cruel research methods可定位至D段首句。该处提到,几十年前一些在今天看来是不道德和违反人道主义的试验中,实验操作者不让母猴触碰它们的幼崽。其中Laboratory experiments与research methods表述相符,而cruel“残忍的”与inhumane“不仁慈的”为近义表达。且decades ago亦与in the past表述相符,故答案为D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3342594.html
相关试题推荐
Questions13-15ReadingPassage2hassixsectionsA-F.Choosethemostsuitable
Questions13-15ReadingPassage2hassixsectionsA-F.Choosethemostsuitable
Questions13-15ReadingPassage2hassixsectionsA-F.Choosethemostsuitable
Questions13-15ReadingPassage2hassixsectionsA-F.Choosethemostsuitable
Questions13-15ReadingPassage2hassixsectionsA-F.Choosethemostsuitable
Questions13-15ReadingPassage2hassixsectionsA-F.Choosethemostsuitable
Questions1-6DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninRe
Questions1-6DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninRe
Questions1-6DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninRe
Questions1-6DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninRe
随机试题
ToallAmericans,anotherbasic(36)______intheirconstitutionistheBill
当图示结构AB跨的抗弯刚度值应变为2EI时,对于B支座反力RB的变化是( )
《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》在我国开始实施是2003年7月1日。
以下有关亚硝酸盐中毒处理正确的是A、及时洗胃、催吐和导泻 B、以后不可以使用
在我国的国家机构中,国家的法律监督机关是()。 A、国务院 B、人民法院
下列不属于银行间债券市场交易品种的是( )。A.债券 B.回购 C.期权交
酶的活性中心是指A.整个酶分子的中心部位B.酶蛋白与辅酶的结合部位C.酶分子上有
一个孩子的母亲因孩子把她刚买回来的金表当成新鲜的玩具给弄坏了,为了教育孩子认识到
人力资源的开发成本是企业对人力资源进行的投资,主要包括()A.人员评估成本
下列关于骨巨细胞瘤的叙述,正确的是A.好发于年轻成人 B.好发于长骨干骺端
最新回复
(
0
)