首页
登录
职称英语
Mountain ClimbingMountain climbing, or ascending mounta
Mountain ClimbingMountain climbing, or ascending mounta
游客
2024-01-03
28
管理
问题
Mountain Climbing
Mountain climbing, or ascending mountains, is popular worldwide, wherever hills rise high enough to provide a challenge. The activity’s rewards include the physical exercise it provides, the satisfaction of overcoming difficulties by working with others, the
thrill
of reaching a summit, and the unobstructed views from a mountaintop. Exploration and research are other reasons that people climb mountains. Since ancient times, people have viewed mountain peaks as towering objects of myth, spiritual inspiration, and romantic beauty. Early peoples made ascents only to hunt game, to rescue lost or strayed animals, or to gain a military advantage over an enemy. Eventually, the unknown and inaccessible peaks ceased to be feared and avoided, and the conquest of the major mountain peaks and ranges of the world began. Mountaineering as a sport was born on August 8, 1786. Since that ascent, mountain climbing has evolved into three related sports: alpine climbing, ice climbing, and rock climbing. These sports require the same fundamental techniques.
The style of alpinism or alpine climbing
encompasses
much of the basic climbing techniques, equipment, and safety precautions that form the basis for ice climbing and rock climbing. Alpine climbing began in the European Alps in the late 18th century and is now practiced in all mountain ranges of the world. Alpine climbing involves the continuous ascent of a mountain peak over a period of one to several days by a team of at least two alpinists. Teams may consist of as many as four climbers. The climbers carry all the equipment they need—a camping stove and fuel, sleeping bags, sleeping mats, a tent or bivouac sack, first aid gear, a water bottle, and food. Each night the climbers spend the night on a mountain ledge before continuing upward.
Ice climbing grew out of traditional mountaineering, and ice climbers use the basic equipment, techniques, and safety precautions that alpinists do, with certain specialized changes to account for the added difficulties of ascending vertical sheets of ice. For example, Eckenstein’s ten-point crampons enabled mountaineers to ascend more difficult and steeper climbs over icy routes.(A)
Ice climbers later created more radically drooped ice axe picks and ergonomically designed ice axe shafts, allowing them to venture onto continuously vertical, and even overhanging, frozen waterfalls.
In the early 20th century, French and German mountaineers sought out new challenges by training on cliffs and boulders near their homes.(B)
The earliest documented rock climb done for sport was the 35-m high Nape’s Needle in the Lake District of England.(C)
CIimbing areas may be relatively small crags of rock, large canyon sidewalls, or immense mountain faces.(D)
Granite, limestone, sandstone, metamorphosed schist, and gneiss are the five most popular rock types for climbing.
In recent years, well-publicized successes and tragedies in mountaineering activities and improvements in climbing equipment have given rise to an increased number of mountain climbers worldwide.
The sport’s popularity has led some countries to require mountaineers to purchase climbing permits. Himalayan expeditions must also pay an environmental bond to guarantee that they will remove all of their waste at the conclusion of their trip.
Environmental protection efforts are
underway
at many rock climbing areas to ease ecological strains on popular areas. Local climbers participate in an annual cleanup day to maintain approach trails, wash gymnastic chalk off the rock, and pick up litter. The Access Fund is the national organization that helps climbers gain access to climbing areas and also assists with environmental problems associated with cliffs in the United States.
Beginning in the 1980s indoor rock-climbing gyms have played a key role in introducing large numbers of people to climbing by featuring short climbs in a controlled setting. However, making the transition to climbing outside is not always easy. New skills and judgment calls are required outdoors, because real cliffs are subject to bad weather and other hazards such as loose rock and falling stones.
In the late 20th century, climbing competitions became popular with rock climbers and ice climbers of all ages and skill levels. Regular competition climbing is judged on how high the climber can ascend within a specified period of time. Speed climbing competitions pit climbers against a clock to see how fast they can scale a wall. Local climbing gyms and clubs sponsor competitions, as do national organizations such as the American Sport Climbing Federation. [br] The word
encompasses
in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.
选项
A、includes
B、excludes
C、reflects
D、requires
答案
A
解析
本题为词汇题,主要考查考生根据上下文对单词encompass的理解。该词义为“包含,涵盖”,原文出现encompass的句子说“The style of alpinism or alpine climbing encompassesmuch of the basic climbing techniques,equipment,and safety precautions that form the basis forice climbing and rock climbing(阿尔卑斯登山模式包含的基本登山技术、设备以及安全准备,成为登冰或攀岩的基础)”。而且,第一段的最后一句提到,三种登山模式有相同的基本技术。因此,应该选A项。选项B(排除)意思正好相反;选项C(反映,表现)、选项D(需要)都不符合原文的意思。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3330719.html
相关试题推荐
MountainClimbingMountainclimbing,orascendingmounta
MountainClimbingMountainclimbing,orascendingmounta
MountainClimbingMountainclimbing,orascendingmounta
MountainClimbingMountainclimbing,orascendingmounta
MountainClimbingMountainclimbing,orascendingmounta
Theworld’slargestdesertslieinregionswheremountainsblockthetradewinds
Chinooksarewarmwinds______offthemountainsandacrosstheplainsinwinter.A
Alaskaboastsofseveralclimatesduetoitsloftymountains,warmoceancurrent
Icanstillvividlyremembertopickourstepsinthemountaindownthedeepval
MountainEverest,thepeakwhereishardlyseen,isthehighestmountaininthe
随机试题
Ifyou’rehappyandyouknowit,maybeyoureallyshouldclapyourhands.Th
Almostallfoodsgiveusenergy.Somegiveusmoreenergythanothers.Energ
有“天下第二行书”美誉的是()A.《兰亭序》 B.《黄州寒食诗帖
请回答肺俞的主治,叙述并演示足三里、肺俞的定位及足三里的操作。(10分)
导致脏腑组织功能活动减退,抗病能力下降的病理状态是A.气滞 B.气陷 C.气
治疗药物的有效性,可借助的评价方法是A:药效学、药剂学、药物分析、临床药理 B
停电试验报告,由试验人员录入PMS系统并实行二级审批制度,即试验班班长审核、省检
对中性点直接接地变压器,发生不对称短路故障后,应检查变压器中性点成套装置、接地开
(2018年真题)在一个结构合理的贷款中,企业的()与借款原因是相匹配的,
下列目录中,不属于《外商投资产业指导目录(2015年修订)》的是( )。A.鼓
最新回复
(
0
)